Vecchia Paolo
Dipartimento di Tecnologie e Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy.
Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2007;43(3):260-7.
Biological and health effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) have been investigated for many years. Exposure standards have been developed internationally, that provide adequate protection against all known adverse effects of exposure to EMF. The guidelines developed by the International Commission on Non Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) are widely recognized and have formed the basis for national regulations in several countries. The two-level structure, with basic restrictions and reference levels, allows the standards to be adapted to virtually any exposure condition, including complex situations at workplaces. However, concerns for hypothesized, but unproven, long-term effects of chronic exposure to low-level EMF have created a demand for precautionary measures beyond the standards for recognized, acute effects. Such measures, if deemed justified by social considerations, including public anxiety, should be separate from exposure standards, and adopted with special care to avoid undermining the credibility of science-based guidelines, and of health authorities.
电磁场（EMF）的生物和健康影响已被研究多年。国际上已制定了暴露标准，这些标准能提供充分保护，防止暴露于EMF的所有已知不良影响。国际非电离辐射防护委员会（ICNIRP）制定的指南得到广泛认可，并已成为多个国家国家法规的基础。具有基本限制和参考水平的两级结构使这些标准几乎能适应任何暴露条件，包括工作场所的复杂情况。然而，对于长期暴露于低水平EMF的假设但未经证实的长期影响的担忧，引发了对超出公认急性影响标准的预防措施的需求。如果社会考虑因素（包括公众焦虑）认为这些措施合理，那么这些措施应与暴露标准分开，并应特别谨慎地采用，以免损害基于科学的指南和卫生当局的可信度。
