Ricks Travis R, Turley-Ames Kandi Jo, Wiley Jennifer
University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2007 Sep;35(6):1456-62. doi: 10.3758/bf03193615.
The present set of studies examines how working memory capacity (WMC) relates to performance on a Remote Associates Task (RAT), originally designed by Mednick as a quantifiable creative problem solving assessment. The source of fixation was manipulated across two sets of RAT items. One set was neutral with no specific fixation embedded in them, while the second set was baseball-misleading, designed so that prior knowledge of baseball would lead to an incorrect solution attempt. WMC scores were positively related to performance on RAT items in all conditions, except one. High baseball knowledge participants' WMC scores did not relate to performance on the baseball-misleading RAT. While in general WMC may lead to better RAT performance, these results suggest that when there is a candidate solution strongly activated by prior knowledge, WMC may actually lead to too much focus on the incorrect solution and exacerbate mental sets.
本系列研究考察了工作记忆容量（WMC）与远程联想任务（RAT）表现之间的关系，该任务最初由梅德尼克设计，作为一种可量化的创造性问题解决能力评估。在两组RAT项目中对固定源进行了操纵。一组是中性的，其中没有嵌入特定的固定源，而第二组是具有棒球误导性的，其设计目的是使对棒球的先验知识会导致尝试错误的解决方案。在所有条件下，WMC分数与RAT项目的表现呈正相关，但有一种情况除外。具有高棒球知识的参与者的WMC分数与具有棒球误导性的RAT的表现无关。虽然一般来说WMC可能会带来更好的RAT表现，但这些结果表明，当存在一个由先验知识强烈激活的候选解决方案时，WMC实际上可能会导致过度关注错误的解决方案，并加剧思维定式。
