Smith Alison, Ntoumanis Nikos, Duda Joan
School of Sport & Exercise Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2007 Dec;29(6):763-82. doi: 10.1123/jsep.29.6.763.
Grounded in self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985) and the self-concordance model (Sheldon & Elliot, 1999), this study examined the motivational processes underlying goal striving in sport as well as the role of perceived coach autonomy support in the goal process. Structural equation modeling with a sample of 210 British athletes showed that autonomous goal motives positively predicted effort, which, in turn, predicted goal attainment. Goal attainment was positively linked to need satisfaction, which, in turn, predicted psychological well-being. Effort and need satisfaction were found to mediate the associations between autonomous motives and goal attainment and between attainment and well-being, respectively. Controlled motives negatively predicted well-being, and coach autonomy support positively predicted both autonomous motives and need satisfaction. Associations of autonomous motives with effort were not reducible to goal difficulty, goal specificity, or goal efficacy. These findings support the self-concordance model as a framework for further research on goal setting in sport.
本研究以自我决定理论（德西 & 瑞安，1985年）和自我一致性模型（谢尔登 & 埃利奥特，1999年）为基础，探讨了体育中目标追求背后的动机过程以及感知到的教练自主支持在目标过程中的作用。对210名英国运动员进行的结构方程模型分析表明，自主目标动机能正向预测努力程度，而努力程度又能预测目标达成情况。目标达成与需求满足呈正相关，需求满足进而又能预测心理幸福感。研究发现，努力程度和需求满足分别在自主动机与目标达成之间以及目标达成与幸福感之间起中介作用。控制性动机能负向预测幸福感，而教练自主支持能正向预测自主动机和需求满足。自主动机与努力程度之间的关联不能简化为目标难度、目标明确性或目标效能。这些发现支持了自我一致性模型，可作为进一步研究体育目标设定的框架。
