Gururaj G, Girish N
Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
Indian J Pediatr. 2007 Dec;74(12):1095-8. doi: 10.1007/s12098-007-0204-x.
To estimate the prevalence, pattern and correlates of tobacco use amongst the 13-15 year olds in schools of Karnataka.
A three stage (area, school level and class level) cluster sample design was adopted and 80 schools from 12 districts of the state were selected. A total of 4,110 students participated in the study with an overall response rate of 87%.
Point prevalence of tobacco use amongst 13-15 year old was 4.9%. Current tobacco use was predominantly a male feature and use of smokeless variety predominated (transitional Karnataka (8.2%); metropolis (6.8%); rural (3.4%). One third of current tobacco users (30.8%) purchased tobacco product in a store and one-fifth used it at home. Nearly half of the never smokers (43% to 56.7%) were exposed to tobacco smoke outside home and 83% favored a ban on smoking in public places. A male tobacco user was perceived to have more friends and was reported to make them look attractive. Print media was a predominant source of message, more so in the metropolitan region. Only one-third (31.6%) reported that the reasons of tobacco usage amongst youth was discussed in formal school settings.
GYTS Karnataka has provided reliable estimates and shown the feasibility of implementing a surveillance programme. Specific challenges for Public health that emerge from the study are increasing number of users in transitional areas, continued media exposure, tobacco users being perceived to be popular and attractive, easy and relatively unrestricted access, lack of systematic support within schools and social acceptance of tobacco use at home. The need of the hour is to target and focus interventions through comprehensive programmes aimed at children, school authorities, parents and policy makers.
评估卡纳塔克邦学校中13 - 15岁青少年的烟草使用流行率、模式及相关因素。
采用三阶段（地区、学校层面和班级层面）整群抽样设计，从该邦12个区选取了80所学校。共有4110名学生参与研究，总体应答率为87%。
13 - 15岁青少年的烟草使用点流行率为4.9%。当前烟草使用主要是男性特征，无烟型烟草使用占主导（过渡型卡纳塔克地区（8.2%）；大都市地区（6.8%）；农村地区（3.4%））。三分之一的当前烟草使用者（30.8%）在商店购买烟草产品，五分之一在家中使用。近一半的从不吸烟者（43%至56.7%）在家外接触到烟草烟雾，83%的人赞成在公共场所禁烟。男性烟草使用者被认为有更多朋友，且据报道这使他们看起来有吸引力。印刷媒体是主要的信息来源，在大都市地区更是如此。只有三分之一（31.6%）的人报告说在正规学校环境中讨论过青少年烟草使用的原因。
卡纳塔克邦全球青少年烟草调查提供了可靠的估计，并显示了实施监测计划的可行性。该研究中出现的公共卫生方面的具体挑战包括：过渡地区使用者数量增加、持续的媒体接触、烟草使用者被认为受欢迎且有吸引力、获取容易且相对不受限制、学校内缺乏系统支持以及家庭对烟草使用的社会接受度。当务之急是通过针对儿童、学校当局、家长和政策制定者的综合计划，有针对性地集中开展干预措施。
