Johnson Ericka
Department of Technology and Social Change, University of Linköping, Sweden.
Soc Stud Sci. 2007 Aug;37(4):585-608. doi: 10.1177/0306312706072179.
Simulators that represent human patients are being integrated into medical education. This study examines the use of a haptic-enabled, virtual reality simulator designed to allow training in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) techniques. The paper shows how medical practices and practitioners are constructed during a simulation. By using the theoretical tools that situated learning and communities of practice provide, combined with the concept of reconstituting, I broaden the discussion of medical simulators from a concern with discrete skills and individual knowledge to an examination of how medical knowledge is created around and with computer simulators. The concept of reconstitution is presented as a theoretical term for understanding the interplay between simulators and people in practice. Rather than merely enacting simulator training, reconstituting creates a different context, different actors and different techniques during the simulation.
模拟人类患者的模拟器正被整合到医学教育中。本研究考察了一种具有触觉功能的虚拟现实模拟器的使用情况，该模拟器旨在进行微创手术（MIS）技术培训。本文展示了在模拟过程中医疗实践和从业者是如何构建的。通过运用情境学习和实践共同体所提供的理论工具，结合重构的概念，我将医学模拟器的讨论范围从关注离散技能和个体知识扩展到考察医学知识是如何围绕计算机模拟器并借助计算机模拟器而产生的。重构的概念作为一个理论术语被提出来，用于理解模拟器与实际操作中的人之间的相互作用。重构并非仅仅是实施模拟器培训，而是在模拟过程中创造出不同的情境、不同的参与者和不同的技术。
