Belore Randy C, Trudel Ken, Mullin Joseph V, Guarino Alan
S.L. Ross Environmental Research Ltd., 200-717 Belfast Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2009 Jan;58(1):118-28. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.08.013. Epub 2008 Nov 12.
There continues to be reluctance in some jurisdictions to use chemical dispersants as a viable countermeasure for accidental oil spills. One argument used by some opponents to dispersant use is that "chemical dispersants do not work effectively in cold water". To address this issue, the U.S. Minerals Management Service (MMS) funded and conducted two series of large-scale dispersant experiments in very cold water at Ohmsett - The National Oil Spill Response Test Facility, located in Leonardo, New Jersey in February-March 2006 and January-March 2007. Alaska North Slope, Endicott, Northstar and Pt. McIntyre crude oils and Corexit 9500 and Corexit 9527 dispersants were used in the two test series. The crude oils were tested both when fresh and after weathering. Results demonstrated that both Corexit 9500 and Corexit 9527 dispersants were 85-99% effective in dispersing the fresh and weathered crude oils tested at cold temperatures. The MMS expects that results from these test series will assist government regulators and responders in making science based decisions on the use of dispersants as a response tool for oil spills in the Arctic.
在一些辖区，人们仍然不愿将化学分散剂作为应对意外石油泄漏的可行对策。一些反对使用分散剂的人提出的一个理由是“化学分散剂在冷水中效果不佳”。为解决这一问题，美国矿产管理局（MMS）出资并于2006年2月至3月以及2007年1月至3月在位于新泽西州莱昂纳多的国家溢油应急测试设施欧姆塞特，在极冷的水中进行了两系列大规模分散剂实验。在这两个测试系列中使用了阿拉斯加北坡、恩迪科特、北极星和麦金太尔角原油以及科里希特9500和科里希特9527分散剂。原油在新鲜时和风化后都进行了测试。结果表明，科里希特9500和科里希特9527分散剂在低温下对测试的新鲜和风化原油的分散效果均达85%至99%。美国矿产管理局预计，这些测试系列的结果将有助于政府监管机构和应急人员就使用分散剂作为北极地区石油泄漏应对工具做出基于科学的决策。
