Lemp Michael A
Georgetown University, and OcuSense, Inc, Washington, DC, USA.
Am J Manag Care. 2008 Apr;14(3 Suppl):S88-101.
The management of dry eye disease (DED) encompasses both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic approaches, including avoidance of exacerbating factors, eyelid hygiene, tear supplementation, tear retention, tear stimulation, and anti-inflammatory agents. Artificial tears are the mainstay of DED therapy but, although they improve symptoms and objective findings, there is no evidence that they can resolve the underlying inflammation in DED. Topical corticosteroids are effective anti-inflammatory agents, but are not recommended for long-term use because of their adverse-effect profiles. Topical cyclosporine--currently the only pharmacologic treatment approved by the US Food and Drug Administration specifically for DED--is safe for long-term use and is disease-modifying rather than merely palliative. Treatment selection is guided primarily by DED severity. Recently published guidelines propose a severity classification based on clinical signs and symptoms, with treatment recommendations according to severity level.
干眼症（DED）的治疗包括药物治疗和非药物治疗方法，其中包括避免加重因素、眼睑卫生、泪液补充、泪液潴留、泪液刺激以及使用抗炎药物。人工泪液是干眼症治疗的主要手段，虽然它们能改善症状和客观检查结果，但尚无证据表明它们能解决干眼症潜在的炎症问题。局部用皮质类固醇是有效的抗炎药物，但由于其不良反应，不建议长期使用。局部用环孢素——目前是美国食品药品监督管理局唯一批准专门用于治疗干眼症的药物——长期使用安全，且具有改善病情的作用，而非仅仅是缓解症状。治疗方案的选择主要依据干眼症的严重程度。最近发布的指南提出了基于临床体征和症状的严重程度分类，并根据严重程度级别给出了治疗建议。
