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Smoking as a risk factor for dementia and cognitive decline: a meta-analysis of prospective studies.吸烟作为痴呆和认知衰退的风险因素：前瞻性研究的荟萃分析。
Am J Epidemiol. 2007 Aug 15;166(4):367-78. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwm116. Epub 2007 Jun 14.
3
Fish consumption, n-3 fatty acids, and subsequent 5-y cognitive decline in elderly men: the Zutphen Elderly Study.老年男性的鱼类消费、n-3脂肪酸与随后5年的认知衰退：祖特芬老年研究
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The Letter Digit Substitution Test: normative data for 1,858 healthy participants aged 24-81 from the Maastricht Aging Study (MAAS): influence of age, education, and sex.字母数字替换测试：来自马斯特里赫特衰老研究（MAAS）的1858名年龄在24至81岁之间的健康参与者的常模数据：年龄、教育程度和性别的影响。
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中年男性和女性的吸烟与认知能力下降：多廷赫姆队列研究

Smoking and cognitive decline among middle-aged men and women: the Doetinchem Cohort Study.

作者信息

Nooyens Astrid C J, van Gelder Boukje M, Verschuren W M Monique

机构信息

Centre for Prevention and Health Services Research, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.

出版信息

Am J Public Health. 2008 Dec;98(12):2244-50. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2007.130294. Epub 2008 Oct 15.

DOI:10.2105/AJPH.2007.130294
PMID:18923116
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2636537/
Abstract

OBJECTIVES

We studied the effect of smoking on cognitive decline over a 5-year period at middle age (43 to 70 years).

METHODS

In the Doetinchem Cohort Study, 1964 men and women in the Netherlands were examined for cognitive function at baseline and 5 years later. The association between smoking status and memory function, speed of cognitive processes, cognitive flexibility, and global cognitive function were assessed.

RESULTS

At baseline, smokers scored lower than never smokers in global cognitive function, speed, and flexibility. At 5-year follow-up, decline among smokers was 1.9 times greater for memory function, 2.4 times greater for cognitive flexibility, and 1.7 times greater for global cognitive function than among never smokers. Among ever smokers, the declines in all cognitive domains were larger with increasing number of pack-years smoked.

CONCLUSIONS

Interventions to prevent or stop people from smoking may postpone cognitive decline in middle-aged persons.

摘要

目的

我们研究了中年时期（43至70岁）吸烟对5年认知衰退的影响。

方法

在多廷赫姆队列研究中，对荷兰的1964名男性和女性在基线时及5年后进行了认知功能检查。评估了吸烟状况与记忆功能、认知过程速度、认知灵活性和整体认知功能之间的关联。

结果

在基线时，吸烟者在整体认知功能、速度和灵活性方面的得分低于从不吸烟者。在5年随访中，吸烟者的记忆功能衰退比从不吸烟者大1.9倍，认知灵活性衰退大2.4倍，整体认知功能衰退大1.7倍。在曾经吸烟的人群中，所有认知领域的衰退都随着吸烟包年数的增加而更大。

结论

预防或阻止人们吸烟的干预措施可能会延缓中年人的认知衰退。