Cohen Andrew L, Rotello Caren M, Macmillan Neil A
University of Massachusetts, Department of Psychology, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-7710, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2008 Oct;15(5):906-26. doi: 10.3758/PBR.15.5.906.
Remember-know judgments provide additional information in recognition memory tests, but the nature of this information and the attendant decision process are in dispute. Competing models have proposed that remember judgments reflect a sum of familiarity and recollective information (the one-dimensional model), are based on a difference between these strengths (STREAK), or are purely recollective (the dual-process model). A choice among these accounts is sometimes made by comparing the precision of their fits to data, but this strategy may be muddied by differences in model complexity: Some models that appear to provide good fits may simply be better able to mimic the data produced by other models. To evaluate this possibility, we simulated data with each of the models in each of three popular remember-know paradigms, then fit those data to each of the models. We found that the one-dimensional model is generally less complex than the others, but despite this handicap, it dominates the others as the best-fitting model. For both reasons, the one-dimensional model should be preferred. In addition, we found that some empirical paradigms are ill-suited for distinguishing among models. For example, data collected by soliciting remember/know/new judgments--that is, the trinary task--provide a particularly weak ground for distinguishing models. Additional tables and figures may be downloaded from the Psychonomic Society's Archive of Norms, Stimuli, and Data, at www.psychonomic.org/archive.
“记得—知道”判断在识别记忆测试中提供了额外信息，但该信息的性质以及随之而来的决策过程存在争议。相互竞争的模型提出，“记得”判断反映了熟悉度和回忆信息的总和（单维模型），基于这些强度之间的差异（STREAK），或者纯粹是回忆性的（双加工模型）。有时通过比较各模型与数据拟合的精度来在这些解释中做出选择，但这种策略可能会因模型复杂性的差异而变得模糊不清：一些看似拟合良好的模型可能只是更善于模仿其他模型产生的数据。为了评估这种可能性，我们在三种流行的“记得—知道”范式中的每一种中，用每个模型模拟数据，然后将这些数据拟合到每个模型上。我们发现，单维模型通常比其他模型更简单，但是尽管有这个劣势，它作为拟合最佳的模型却比其他模型更具优势。出于这两个原因，单维模型应该是首选。此外，我们发现一些实证范式并不适合区分不同的模型。例如，通过征求“记得/知道/新”判断（即三元任务）收集的数据，为区分模型提供的依据特别薄弱。更多表格和图表可从心理onomic学会的规范、刺激和数据存档库（www.psychonomic.org/archive）下载。
