Levi Dennis M, Li Roger W
School of Optometry and The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-2020, USA.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2009 Feb 12;364(1515):399-407. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2008.0203.
Experience-dependent plasticity is closely linked with the development of sensory function; however, there is also growing evidence for plasticity in the adult visual system. This review re-examines the notion of a sensitive period for the treatment of amblyopia in the light of recent experimental and clinical evidence for neural plasticity. One recently proposed method for improving the effectiveness and efficiency of treatment that has received considerable attention is 'perceptual learning'. Specifically, both children and adults with amblyopia can improve their perceptual performance through extensive practice on a challenging visual task. The results suggest that perceptual learning may be effective in improving a range of visual performance and, importantly, the improvements may transfer to visual acuity. Recent studies have sought to explore the limits and time course of perceptual learning as an adjunct to occlusion and to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying the visual improvement. These findings, along with the results of new clinical trials, suggest that it might be time to reconsider our notions about neural plasticity in amblyopia.
经验依赖性可塑性与感觉功能的发育密切相关；然而，越来越多的证据表明，成年视觉系统中也存在可塑性。鉴于最近关于神经可塑性的实验和临床证据，本综述重新审视了弱视治疗敏感期的概念。一种最近提出的、备受关注的提高治疗效果和效率的方法是“知觉学习”。具体而言，患有弱视的儿童和成人都可以通过在具有挑战性的视觉任务上进行大量练习来提高他们的知觉表现。结果表明，知觉学习可能有效地改善一系列视觉表现，重要的是，这些改善可能会转化为视力。最近的研究试图探索知觉学习作为遮盖疗法辅助手段的局限性和时间进程，并研究视觉改善背后的神经机制。这些发现，连同新临床试验的结果，表明可能是时候重新考虑我们对弱视中神经可塑性的认识了。
