Liberman Nira, Trope Yaacov
Department of Psychology, Tel Aviv University, Post Office Box 39040, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
Science. 2008 Nov 21;322(5905):1201-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1161958.
People directly experience only themselves here and now but often consider, evaluate, and plan situations that are removed in time or space, that pertain to others' experiences, and that are hypothetical rather than real. People thus transcend the present and mentally traverse temporal distance, spatial distance, social distance, and hypotheticality. We argue that this is made possible by the human capacity for abstract processing of information. We review research showing that there is considerable similarity in the way people mentally traverse different distances, that the process of abstraction underlies traversing different distances, and that this process guides the way people predict, evaluate, and plan near and distant situations.
人们在此刻直接体验到的只有自身，但他们常常会思考、评估和规划那些在时间或空间上遥远的、与他人经历相关的、假设而非真实的情境。人们因此超越了当下，在心理上跨越了时间距离、空间距离、社会距离和假设情境。我们认为，这是由人类对信息进行抽象处理的能力所实现的。我们回顾了相关研究，这些研究表明，人们在心理上跨越不同距离的方式存在相当大的相似性，抽象过程是跨越不同距离的基础，并且这个过程指导着人们对远近情境进行预测、评估和规划的方式。
