Ejike Chukwunonso E C C, Ugwu Chidi E, Ezeanyika Lawrence U S, Olayemi Ayo T
Department of Biochemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria.
BMC Public Health. 2008 Dec 16;8:411. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-411.
The prevalence of hypertension, an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), is increasing in the developing countries and this may be connected with the economic transition in those countries. Adult hypertension is thought to be related to childhood and adolescent increases in blood pressure, and hence the need to monitor patterns in early life. This study investigates the BP patterns, and their correlates, of adolescents from different geographic areas of residence in Nigeria.
A total of 1,088 Nigerian adolescents from different geographic areas of residence were recruited for the study. Their blood pressures and anthropometric indices were measured using standard procedures. The association of blood pressure with height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and geographic area of residence was assessed.
Male and female urban-dwelling adolescents had significantly (p < 0.05) higher systolic blood pressure (117.45 +/- 21.53 mmHg and 114.82 +/- 17.95 mmHg respectively) compared to their counterparts living in the non-urban areas (108.20 +/- 12.12 mmHg and 106.03 +/- 13.06 mmHg respectively), even after adjusting for age and height. Conversely, non-urban boys (but not the girls) had significantly (p < 0.05) higher diastolic blood pressure compared to their urban counterparts. Adolescents in the urban areas had higher BMI (20.74 +/- 3.27 kg/m(2) for males and 21.35 +/- 3.37 kg/m(2) for females) than those in the non-urban areas (20.33 +/- 3.11 kg/m(2) for males and 21.35 +/- 3.37 kg/m(2) for females) though the difference was significant (p < 0.05) only in the females. Blood pressures were found to increase with age, and to be associated with BMI.
These findings underscore the need for efforts to be made towards addressing adolescent blood pressure elevation (in both urban and non-urban areas) as they are a reflection of adult morbidity and mortality from hypertension and the associated disorders.
高血压是心血管疾病（CVD）的一个重要危险因素，在发展中国家其患病率正在上升，这可能与这些国家的经济转型有关。成人高血压被认为与儿童期和青少年期血压升高有关，因此有必要监测早期生活中的血压模式。本研究调查了尼日利亚不同居住地理区域青少年的血压模式及其相关因素。
共招募了1088名来自尼日利亚不同居住地理区域的青少年参与本研究。使用标准程序测量他们的血压和人体测量指标。评估血压与身高、体重、体重指数（BMI）和居住地理区域之间的关联。
与居住在非城市地区的青少年（收缩压分别为108.20±12.12 mmHg和舒张压为106.03±13.06 mmHg）相比，居住在城市的青少年男性和女性的收缩压显著更高（分别为117.45±21.53 mmHg和114.82±17.95 mmHg），即使在调整年龄和身高后也是如此。相反，非城市地区的男孩（而非女孩）的舒张压显著高于城市地区的同龄人（p<0.05）。城市地区的青少年BMI高于非城市地区（男性为20.74±3.27 kg/m²，女性为21.35±3.37 kg/m²），而非城市地区男性为20.33±3.11 kg/m²，女性为21.35±3.37 kg/m²，不过仅在女性中差异显著（p<0.05）。发现血压随年龄增长而升高，且与BMI相关。
这些发现强调了需要努力解决青少年血压升高问题（包括城市和非城市地区），因为这反映了成人因高血压及相关疾病导致的发病率和死亡率。
