Leppin Anja, Aro Arja R
University of Southern Denmark, Institute of Public Health, Unit for Health Promotion, Niels Bohrs Vej 9, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark.
Int J Behav Med. 2009;16(1):7-29. doi: 10.1007/s12529-008-9002-8. Epub 2009 Feb 12.
The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in 2003 and the subsequent emergence of the H5N1 virus have highlighted the threat of a global pandemic influenza outbreak. Planning effective public health control measures for such a case will be highly dependent on sound theory-based research on how people perceive the risks involved in such an event.
The present article aims to review theoretical models and concepts underlying current empirical research on pandemic influenza risk perception.
A review was conducted based on 28 empirical studies from 30 articles which were published between 2003 and 2007.
Concepts of risk perception mostly seemed more pragmatic than theory-based and were highly heterogeneous, for instance, in terms of conceptualizing risk perception as an exclusively cognitive or as a cognitive and emotional phenomenon or whether the concept was dominated by expectancy or expectancy and value components. Similarly, the majority of studies investigating risk perceptions and protective behaviors were not model-based.
The current body of knowledge can only provide preliminary insights. Unlike the reviewed studies, which were mostly launched as a rapid response to outbreak situations, future research will have to invest more strongly into theoretical work to provide sounder evidence.
2003年严重急性呼吸综合征的爆发以及随后H5N1病毒的出现凸显了全球大流行性流感爆发的威胁。针对此类情况制定有效的公共卫生控制措施将高度依赖于关于人们如何看待此类事件所涉风险的可靠的基于理论的研究。
本文旨在综述当前关于大流行性流感风险认知的实证研究背后的理论模型和概念。
基于2003年至2007年间发表的30篇文章中的28项实证研究进行了综述。
风险认知的概念大多似乎比基于理论的概念更注重实际，而且高度异质，例如，在将风险认知概念化为纯粹的认知现象还是认知与情感现象，或者该概念是以预期为主导还是以预期和价值成分主导方面。同样，大多数调查风险认知和保护行为的研究并非基于模型。
当前的知识体系只能提供初步见解。与大多作为对疫情爆发情况的快速反应而开展的综述研究不同，未来的研究将必须更大力地投入理论工作以提供更可靠的证据。
