Holm-Nielsen J B, Al Seadi T, Oleskowicz-Popiel P
Esbjerg Institute of Technology, Aalborg University, Esbjerg, Denmark.
Bioresour Technol. 2009 Nov;100(22):5478-84. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.12.046. Epub 2009 Feb 13.
One of the common tendencies of animal production activities in Europe and in developed countries in general is to intensify the animal production and to increase the size of the animal production units. High livestock density is always accompanied by production of a surplus of animal manure, representing a considerable pollution threat for the environment in these areas. Avoiding over-fertilization is not only important for environmental protection reasons but also for economical reasons. Intensive animal production areas need therefore suitable manure management, aiming to export and to redistribute the excess of nutrients from manure and to optimize their recycling. Anaerobic digestion of animal manure and slurries offers several benefits by improving their fertilizer qualities, reducing odors and pathogens and producing a renewable fuel - the biogas. The EU policies concerning renewable energy systems (RES) have set forward a fixed goal of supplying 20% of the European energy demands from RES by year 2020. A major part of the renewable energy will originate from European farming and forestry. At least 25% of all bioenergy in the future can originate from biogas, produced from wet organic materials such as: animal manure, whole crop silages, wet food and feed wastes, etc.
在欧洲及其他发达国家，畜牧生产活动的一个普遍趋势是加强畜牧生产并扩大畜牧生产单位的规模。高牲畜密度往往伴随着动物粪便的过剩产生，这对这些地区的环境构成了相当大的污染威胁。避免过度施肥不仅出于环境保护的原因，也是出于经济原因。因此，集约化畜牧生产地区需要适当的粪便管理，旨在输出和重新分配粪便中多余的养分，并优化其循环利用。动物粪便和粪水的厌氧消化通过改善其肥料质量、减少气味和病原体以及生产可再生燃料——沼气，带来了诸多益处。欧盟关于可再生能源系统（RES）的政策设定了一个固定目标，即到2020年，可再生能源要满足欧洲20%的能源需求。大部分可再生能源将源自欧洲的农业和林业。未来至少25%的生物能源可源自沼气，这些沼气由诸如动物粪便、全株青贮饲料、湿食品和饲料废弃物等湿有机材料产生。
