Gunnarsdottir Ingibjörg, Gustavsdottir Anita G, Thorsdottir Inga
Unit for Nutrition Research at the University of Iceland and Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland.
Food Nutr Res. 2009 May 27;53:1925. doi: 10.3402/fnr.v53i0.1925.
Iodine deficiency is considered to be one of the most common nutrition disorders in the world and the world's greatest single cause of preventable brain damage. Despite a worldwide application of successful iodine supplementation programs over the last four decades, iodine deficiency remains a major public health problem throughout the world. All European countries except Iceland have experienced this health and socioeconomic threat to a greater or lesser extent. The fact that mild to severe iodine deficiency persists in many European countries may have important public health consequences, including impaired intellectual development of infants and children. Iceland has in the past been known for its high iodine status, based on results from studies of iodine status from 1939, 1988, and 1998 suggested to be due to high fish consumption. Fish together with milk and other dairy products are the main sources of iodine in the Icelandic diet, but iodized salt is not commonly used. In recent years fish and dairy intake has decreased, especially among young people. In this paper, historical data on iodine status and iodine intake in Iceland is reviewed and the need for further studies as well as possible need for public health actions evaluated.
碘缺乏被认为是世界上最常见的营养失调症之一，也是世界上可预防脑损伤的最大单一原因。尽管在过去四十年里全球成功实施了补碘计划，但碘缺乏在全世界仍然是一个主要的公共卫生问题。除冰岛外，所有欧洲国家都或多或少经历过这种健康和社会经济威胁。许多欧洲国家持续存在轻度至重度碘缺乏这一事实可能会产生重要的公共卫生后果，包括婴幼儿智力发育受损。冰岛过去因其碘充足状况而闻名，这是基于1939年、1988年和1998年碘状况研究结果得出的，据认为这是由于鱼类消费量高所致。鱼类以及牛奶和其他乳制品是冰岛饮食中碘的主要来源，但碘盐并不常用。近年来，鱼类和乳制品的摄入量有所下降，尤其是在年轻人中。本文回顾了冰岛碘状况和碘摄入量的历史数据，并评估了进一步研究的必要性以及公共卫生行动的可能需求。
