Meltzoff Andrew N, Kuhl Patricia K, Movellan Javier, Sejnowski Terrence J
Institute for Learning and Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Science. 2009 Jul 17;325(5938):284-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1175626.
Human learning is distinguished by the range and complexity of skills that can be learned and the degree of abstraction that can be achieved compared with those of other species. Homo sapiens is also the only species that has developed formal ways to enhance learning: teachers, schools, and curricula. Human infants have an intense interest in people and their behavior and possess powerful implicit learning mechanisms that are affected by social interaction. Neuroscientists are beginning to understand the brain mechanisms underlying learning and how shared brain systems for perception and action support social learning. Machine learning algorithms are being developed that allow robots and computers to learn autonomously. New insights from many different fields are converging to create a new science of learning that may transform educational practices.
与其他物种相比，人类学习的特点在于能够学习的技能范围和复杂性，以及能够达到的抽象程度。智人也是唯一开发出增强学习的正式方法的物种：教师、学校和课程。人类婴儿对人和他们的行为有着浓厚的兴趣，并拥有受社会互动影响的强大的隐性学习机制。神经科学家开始了解学习背后的大脑机制，以及感知和行动的共享大脑系统如何支持社会学习。正在开发机器学习算法，使机器人和计算机能够自主学习。来自许多不同领域的新见解正在汇聚，以创建一门可能改变教育实践的新学习科学。
