HFL Sport Science (a Quotient Bioresearch Company), Fordham, UK.
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2009 May;26(5):640-71. doi: 10.1080/02652030802627160.
The presence and metabolism of endogenous steroid hormones in meat-producing animals has been the subject of much research over the past 40 years. While significant data are available, no comprehensive review has yet been performed. Species considered in this review are bovine, porcine, ovine, equine, caprine and cervine, while steroid hormones include the androgenic-anabolic steroids testosterone, nandrolone and boldenone, as well as their precursors and metabolites. Information on endogenous steroid hormone concentrations is primarily useful in two ways: (1) in relation to pathological versus 'normal' physiology and (2) in relation to the detection of the illegal abuse of these hormones in residue surveillance programmes. Since the major focus of this review is on the detection of steroids abuse in animal production, the information gathered to date is used to guide future research. A major deficiency in much of the existing published literature is the lack of standardization and formal validation of experimental approach. Key articles are cited that highlight the huge variation in reported steroid concentrations that can result when samples are analysed by different laboratories under different conditions. These deficiencies are in most cases so fundamental that it is difficult to make reliable comparisons between data sets and hence it is currently impossible to recommend definitive detection strategies. Standardization of the experimental approach would need to involve common experimental protocols and collaboratively validated analytical methods. In particular, standardization would need to cover everything from the demographic of the animal population studied, the method of sample collection and storage (especially the need to sample live versus slaughter sampling since the two methods of surveillance have very different requirements, particularly temporally), sample preparation technique (including mode of extraction, hydrolysis and derivatization), the end-point analytical detection technique, validation protocols, and the statistical methods applied to the resulting data. Although efforts are already underway (at HFL and LABERCA) to produce more definitive data and promote communication among the scientific community on this issue, the convening of a formal European Union working party is recommended.
肉用动物内源性甾体激素的存在和代谢一直是过去 40 年来的研究热点。尽管已经有了大量的数据，但尚未进行全面的综述。本综述考虑的物种包括牛、猪、羊、马、山羊和鹿，而甾体激素包括雄激素-合成代谢类固醇睾酮、诺龙和宝丹酮，以及它们的前体和代谢物。内源性甾体激素浓度的信息主要有两种用途：（1）与病理生理学与“正常”生理学有关，（2）与在残留监测计划中检测这些激素的非法滥用有关。由于本综述的主要重点是检测动物生产中类固醇的滥用，因此目前收集的信息用于指导未来的研究。目前存在的大量已发表文献的一个主要缺陷是缺乏实验方法的标准化和正式验证。引用了一些重点文章，这些文章突出了在不同实验室在不同条件下分析样品时，报告的类固醇浓度可能会有很大差异。这些缺陷在大多数情况下是如此根本，以至于很难在数据集之间进行可靠的比较，因此目前不可能推荐明确的检测策略。实验方法的标准化需要涉及共同的实验方案和协作验证的分析方法。特别是，标准化需要涵盖从研究动物群体的人口统计学、样本采集和储存方式（特别是需要采样活体与屠宰采样，因为这两种监测方法的要求非常不同，特别是在时间上）、样本准备技术（包括提取、水解和衍生化模式）、终点分析检测技术、验证方案以及应用于所得数据的统计方法。尽管已经在 HFL 和 LABERCA 进行了努力，以产生更明确的数据并促进科学界就这一问题进行沟通，但建议召集一个正式的欧盟工作组。
