Dellanno Christine, Vega Quinn, Boesenberg Diane
Reckitt Benckiser, Montvale, NJ 07645, USA.
Am J Infect Control. 2009 Oct;37(8):649-52. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2009.03.012. Epub 2009 Aug 18.
The 2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) infected over 8000 people and killed 774. Transmission of SARS occurred through direct and indirect contact and large droplet nuclei. The World Health Organization recommended the use of household disinfectants, which have not been previously tested against SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV), to disinfect potentially contaminated environmental surfaces. There is a need for a surrogate test system given the limited availability of the SARS-CoV for testing and biosafety requirements necessary to safely handle it. In this study, the antiviral activity of standard household products was assayed against murine hepatitis virus (MHV), as a potential surrogate for SARS-CoV.
A surface test method, which involves drying an amount of virus on a surface and then applying the product for a specific contact time, was used to determine the virucidal activity. The virus titers and log reductions were determined by the Reed and Muench tissue culture infective dose (TCID)50 end point method.
When tested as directed, common household disinfectants or antiseptics, containing either 0.050% of triclosan, 0.12% of PCMX, 0.21% of sodium hypochlorite, 0.23% of pine oil, or 0.10% of a quaternary compound with 79% of ethanol, demonstrated a 3-log reduction or better against MHV without any virus recovered in a 30-second contact time.
Common household disinfectants and antiseptics were effective at inactivating MHV, a possible surrogate for SARS-CoV, from surfaces when used as directed. In an outbreak caused by novel agents, it is important to know the effectiveness of disinfectants and antiseptics to prevent or reduce the possibility of human-to-human transmission via surfaces.
2003年严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）疫情感染了8000多人，导致774人死亡。SARS通过直接和间接接触以及大飞沫核传播。世界卫生组织建议使用此前未针对SARS冠状病毒（SARS-CoV）进行过测试的家用消毒剂，对可能受污染的环境表面进行消毒。鉴于用于检测的SARS-CoV供应有限以及安全处理该病毒所需的生物安全要求，需要一种替代测试系统。在本研究中，测定了标准家用产品对鼠肝炎病毒（MHV）的抗病毒活性，将其作为SARS-CoV的潜在替代物。
采用一种表面测试方法，即将一定量的病毒干燥在表面上，然后将产品作用特定的接触时间，以确定其杀病毒活性。病毒滴度和对数减少率通过Reed和Muench组织培养感染剂量（TCID）50终点法测定。
按照说明进行测试时，含有0.050%三氯生、0.12%对氯间二甲苯酚、0.21%次氯酸钠、0.23%松油或0.10%含79%乙醇的季铵化合物的常见家用消毒剂或防腐剂，在30秒接触时间内对MHV表现出3个对数级或更大的减少，且未检测到任何存活病毒。
常见家用消毒剂和防腐剂按说明使用时，能有效灭活表面上的MHV（一种可能替代SARS-CoV的病毒）。在由新型病原体引起的疫情中，了解消毒剂和防腐剂的有效性对于预防或减少通过表面发生人际传播的可能性非常重要。
