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在恐惧条件反射中,单次经历即可使内在神经元兴奋性发生可逆变化。

Intrinsic neuronal excitability is reversibly altered by a single experience in fear conditioning.

机构信息

Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

出版信息

J Neurophysiol. 2009 Nov;102(5):2763-70. doi: 10.1152/jn.00347.2009. Epub 2009 Sep 2.

Abstract

Learning is known to cause alterations in intrinsic cellular excitability but, to date, these changes have been seen only after multiple training trials. A powerful learning task that can be quickly acquired and extinguished with a single trial is fear conditioning. Rats were trained and extinguished on a hippocampus-dependent form of fear conditioning to determine whether learning-related changes in intrinsic excitability could be observed after a few training trials and a single extinction trial. Following fear training, hippocampal slices were made and intrinsic excitability was assayed via whole cell recordings from CA1 neurons. Alterations in intrinsic excitability, assayed by the postburst afterhyperpolarization and firing frequency accommodation, were observed after only three trials of contextual or trace-cued fear conditioning. Animals that had been trained in contextual and trace-cued fear were then extinguished. Context fear-conditioned animals extinguished in a single trial and the changes in intrinsic excitability were reversed. Trace-cue conditioned animals only partially extinguished in a single trial and reductions in excitability remained. Thus a single learning experience is sufficient to alter intrinsic excitability. This dramatically extends observations of learning-specific changes in intrinsic neuronal excitability previously observed in paradigms requiring many training trials, suggesting the excitability changes have a basic role in acquiring new information.

摘要

学习已知会导致内在细胞兴奋性发生改变,但迄今为止,这些变化仅在多次训练试验后才观察到。一个可以快速习得并通过单次试验消除的强大学习任务是恐惧条件反射。通过对依赖海马体的恐惧条件反射进行训练和消除,训练大鼠,以确定在几次训练试验和单次消除试验后是否可以观察到与学习相关的内在兴奋性变化。在恐惧训练后,制作海马切片,并通过 CA1 神经元的全细胞记录来测定内在兴奋性。在只有三次上下文或痕迹提示恐惧条件反射的情况下,就观察到了内在兴奋性的变化,通过爆发后超极化和放电频率适应来测定。然后对接受上下文和痕迹提示恐惧训练的动物进行消除。在单次试验中消除了上下文恐惧条件反射的动物,内在兴奋性的变化得到了逆转。在单次试验中,痕迹提示条件反射动物仅部分消除,兴奋性降低仍存在。因此,单次学习经历足以改变内在兴奋性。这极大地扩展了先前在需要多次训练试验的范式中观察到的与学习特异性内在神经元兴奋性变化的观察结果,表明兴奋性变化在获取新信息方面具有基本作用。

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