Research & Innovation Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Italy.
BMC Health Serv Res. 2010 Jan 15;10:16. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-10-16.
Question Prompt Lists (QPLs) have proven very effective in encouraging cancer patients to ask questions, allowing them to take up a more active role during visits with the oncologist. As no such tool has yet been validated for Italian-speaking users, we carried out the cross-cultural adaptation and evaluation of an existing Australian Question Prompt List.
Cross-cultural adaptation was performed in accordance with the five steps described by Guillemin and Beaton. Forward and back translations of the original tool were carried out, and the products discussed by an Expert Committee who agreed on a prefinal version of the Italian QPL, which was submitted to 30 volunteer patients for evaluation. They rated each question's adequacy of content, clarity of wording, usefulness, and generated anxiety, on a 3-point Likert scale. Based on the analysis of patient ratings, the final version of the Italian QPL was produced.
Few discrepancies between the two back translations and the original version of the instrument were noted, indicating that the Italian translation (synthesis of the 2 forward translations) was substantially accurate. Most volunteer patients felt that the questionnaire was adequate, easy to understand and useful. Only a few minor criticisms were expressed. Certain questions on diagnosis and prognosis generated the highest level of anxiety. Patient comments and ratings on clarity highlighted the need to clarify common health care terms which are not widely used by the public (i.e. guideline, multidisciplinary team and clinical trial)
This cross-cultural adaptation has produced an Italian Question Prompt List that is now available for multi-center international studies and can be safely used with Italian-speaking cancer patients.
问题提示清单（QPL）已被证明非常有效地鼓励癌症患者提问，使他们在与肿瘤医生就诊时能够更积极地参与。由于尚未为讲意大利语的用户验证过此类工具，我们对现有的澳大利亚问题提示清单进行了跨文化适应性和评估。
跨文化适应性按照 Guillemin 和 Beaton 描述的五个步骤进行。对原始工具进行了正向和反向翻译，由专家委员会对产品进行了讨论，专家委员会就意大利版 QPL 的预终稿达成一致意见，并将其提交给 30 名志愿者患者进行评估。他们使用 3 分李克特量表对每个问题的内容充分性、措辞清晰度、有用性和产生的焦虑进行了评分。根据患者评分的分析，生成了意大利版 QPL 的最终版本。
两种反向翻译与仪器原始版本之间的差异很小，这表明意大利语翻译（两种正向翻译的综合）基本准确。大多数志愿者患者认为问卷内容充分、易于理解且有用。只有少数人提出了一些小的批评。关于诊断和预后的某些问题引起了最高水平的焦虑。患者对清晰度的意见和评分突出表明需要澄清公众不太常用的常见医疗保健术语（即指南、多学科团队和临床试验）。
这种跨文化适应性已经产生了意大利语问题提示清单，现在可以用于多中心国际研究，并可以安全地用于讲意大利语的癌症患者。
