女性对蛇和蜘蛛更强烈的恐惧源于婴儿期吗？
Does women's greater fear of snakes and spiders originate in infancy?
作者信息
Rakison David H
机构信息
Carnegie Mellon University.
出版信息
Evol Hum Behav. 2009 Nov 1;30(6):439-444. doi: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009.06.002.
Abstract
Previous studies with adult humans and non-human animals revealed more rapid fear learning for spiders and snakes than for mushrooms and flowers. The current experiments tested whether 11-month-olds show a similar effect in learning associative pairings between facial emotions and fear-relevant and fear-irrelevant stimuli. Consistent with the greater incidence of snake and spider phobias in women, results show that female but not male infants learn rapidly to associate negative facial emotions with fear-relevant stimuli. No difference was found between the sexes for fear-irrelevant stimuli. The results are discussed in relation to fear learning, phobias, and a specialized evolved fear mechanism in humans.
摘要
先前针对成年人类和非人类动物的研究表明，与蘑菇和花朵相比，人类对蜘蛛和蛇的恐惧学习速度更快。当前的实验测试了11个月大的婴儿在学习面部表情与恐惧相关及恐惧无关刺激之间的联想配对时是否也有类似的效果。与女性中蛇和蜘蛛恐惧症发病率较高一致，结果表明，女婴而非男婴能迅速学会将负面面部表情与恐惧相关刺激联系起来。在恐惧无关刺激方面，未发现两性之间存在差异。本文将结合恐惧学习、恐惧症以及人类专门进化出的恐惧机制对这些结果进行讨论。
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