Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2011 Jan-Feb;3(1):11-32. doi: 10.1002/wnan.82.
The real-time, personalized and highly sensitive early-stage diagnosis of disease remains an important challenge in modern medicine. With the ability to interact with matter at the nanoscale, the development of nanotechnology architectures and materials could potentially extend subcellular and molecular detection beyond the limits of conventional diagnostic modalities. At the very least, nanotechnology should be able to dramatically accelerate biomarker discovery, as well as facilitate disease monitoring, especially of maladies presenting a high degree of molecular and compositional heterogeneity. This article gives an overview of several of the most promising nanodevices and nanomaterials along with their applications in clinical practice. Significant work to adapt nanoscale materials and devices to clinical applications involving large interdisciplinary collaborations is already underway with the potential for nanotechnology to become an important enabling diagnostic technology.
疾病的实时、个性化和高度敏感的早期诊断仍然是现代医学的一个重要挑战。纳米技术具有在纳米尺度上与物质相互作用的能力，其架构和材料的发展有可能将亚细胞和分子检测扩展到传统诊断模式的极限之外。至少，纳米技术应该能够极大地加速生物标志物的发现，并促进疾病监测，特别是对分子和成分异质性很高的疾病的监测。本文概述了几种最有前途的纳米器件和纳米材料，以及它们在临床实践中的应用。已经有大量的工作致力于将纳米材料和器件适应涉及大型跨学科合作的临床应用，纳米技术有可能成为一种重要的诊断技术。
