Srouji Rasha, Ratnapalan Savithiri, Schneeweiss Suzan
Division of Paediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8.
Int J Pediatr. 2010;2010. doi: 10.1155/2010/474838. Epub 2010 Jul 25.
Pain perception in children is complex, and is often difficult to assess. In addition, pain management in children is not always optimized in various healthcare settings, including emergency departments. A review of pain assessment scales that can be used in children across all ages, and a discussion of the importance of pain in control and distraction techniques during painful procedures are presented. Age specific nonpharmacological interventions used to manage pain in children are most effective when adapted to the developmental level of the child. Distraction techniques are often provided by nurses, parents or child life specialists and help in pain alleviation during procedures.
儿童的疼痛感知很复杂，且常常难以评估。此外，在包括急诊科在内的各种医疗环境中，儿童的疼痛管理并不总是得到优化。本文介绍了可用于各年龄段儿童的疼痛评估量表，并讨论了在疼痛治疗过程中控制和分散注意力技术对疼痛管理的重要性。用于管理儿童疼痛的特定年龄非药物干预措施，若能适应儿童的发育水平，则最为有效。分散注意力的技术通常由护士、家长或儿童生活专家提供，有助于在治疗过程中减轻疼痛。
