Urban Transportation Center, University of Illinois, Chicago, 412 South Peoria Street, Suite 340, Chicago, IL 60607-7036, United States.
Accid Anal Prev. 2010 Nov;42(6):1718-28. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2010.04.012. Epub 2010 Jun 1.
In this paper, we present an analysis of the relationship between pedestrian-vehicle crashes and characteristics of areas with high low-income and minority populations in the Chicago metropolitan area (also called environmental justice or EJ areas in the United States). While related research has indicated that pedestrian crashes occur more frequently in these areas than in non-EJ areas, this paper attempts to relate the incidence to environmental characteristics and behavioral factors through a better understanding of the contributing factors present in crash occurrences in EJ versus non-EJ areas. Specially constructed small-area factors from a Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) are used to explain pedestrian-vehicle crashes. Using a Poisson model that corrects for underreporting, we find that pedestrian crash incidents in EJ areas are related to variables of exposure (including the suitability of the area for walking and transit accessibility), crime rates, transit availability, and general population demographics such as income and presence of children. Results suggest that it may be necessary to better incorporate a safety perspective or measures of safety improvements in pedestrian and transit improvements and expansion programs within EJ areas.
本文分析了芝加哥都会区（在美国也称为环境正义或 EJ 地区）中高收入和少数族裔人口地区的特征与行人和车辆碰撞之间的关系。虽然相关研究表明，行人碰撞在这些地区比非 EJ 地区更频繁发生，但本文试图通过更好地了解 EJ 和非 EJ 地区碰撞发生的促成因素，将发病率与环境特征和行为因素联系起来。专门从空间决策支持系统 (SDSS) 构建的小区域因素用于解释行人和车辆碰撞。使用校正漏报的泊松模型，我们发现 EJ 地区的行人碰撞事故与暴露变量（包括区域步行和交通可达性的适宜性）、犯罪率、交通可用性以及一般人口统计数据（如收入和儿童存在）有关。结果表明，在 EJ 地区的行人和交通改善及扩展计划中，可能有必要更好地纳入安全视角或安全改进措施。
