Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2010 Sep;29(3):405-34. doi: 10.1007/s10555-010-9235-2.
Almost 25 centuries ago, Hippocrates, the father of medicine, proclaimed "Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food." Exploring the association between diet and health continues today. For example, we now know that as many as 35% of all cancers can be prevented by dietary changes. Carcinogenesis is a multistep process involving the transformation, survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis of the tumor and may take up to 30 years. The pathways associated with this process have been linked to chronic inflammation, a major mediator of tumor progression. The human body consists of about 13 trillion cells, almost all of which are turned over within 100 days, indicating that 70,000 cells undergo apoptosis every minute. Thus, apoptosis/cell death is a normal physiological process, and it is rare that a lack of apoptosis kills the patient. Almost 90% of all deaths due to cancer are linked to metastasis of the tumor. How our diet can prevent cancer is the focus of this review. Specifically, we will discuss how nutraceuticals, such as allicin, apigenin, berberine, butein, caffeic acid, capsaicin, catechin gallate, celastrol, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, fisetin, flavopiridol, gambogic acid, genistein, plumbagin, quercetin, resveratrol, sanguinarine, silibinin, sulforaphane, taxol, gamma-tocotrienol, and zerumbone, derived from spices, legumes, fruits, nuts, and vegetables, can modulate inflammatory pathways and thus affect the survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis of the tumor. Various cell signaling pathways that are modulated by these agents will also be discussed.
大约25个世纪前，医学之父希波克拉底宣称：“让食物成为你的药物，让药物成为你的食物。” 对饮食与健康之间关联的探索一直持续至今。例如，我们现在知道，通过改变饮食，多达35%的癌症是可以预防的。癌症发生是一个多步骤过程，涉及肿瘤的转化、存活、增殖、侵袭、血管生成和转移，这个过程可能长达30年。与这个过程相关的途径与慢性炎症有关，慢性炎症是肿瘤进展的主要介导因素。人体由大约13万亿个细胞组成，几乎所有细胞在100天内都会更新换代，这表明每分钟有7万个细胞发生凋亡。因此，凋亡/细胞死亡是一个正常的生理过程，因缺乏凋亡而导致患者死亡的情况很少见。几乎90%的癌症死亡都与肿瘤转移有关。我们的饮食如何预防癌症是这篇综述的重点。具体来说，我们将讨论来自香料、豆类、水果、坚果和蔬菜的营养保健品，如大蒜素、芹菜素、黄连素、紫铆因、咖啡酸、辣椒素、儿茶素没食子酸酯、雷公藤红素、姜黄素、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、非瑟酮、黄酮哌啶醇、藤黄酸、染料木黄酮、白花丹素、槲皮素、白藜芦醇、血根碱、水飞蓟宾、萝卜硫素、紫杉醇、γ-生育三烯酚和莪术酮，如何调节炎症途径，从而影响肿瘤的存活、增殖、侵袭、血管生成和转移。还将讨论这些物质所调节的各种细胞信号通路。
