Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2011 Feb;39(2):159-71. doi: 10.1007/s10802-010-9458-2.
This study examined transactional associations between responses to peer stress and depression in youth. Specifically, it tested the hypotheses that (a) depression would predict fewer effortful responses and more involuntary, dysregulated responses to peer stress over time; and (b) fewer adaptive and more maladaptive responses would predict subsequent depression. Youth (M age = 12.41; SD = 1.19; 86 girls, 81 boys) and their maternal caregivers completed semi-structured interviews and questionnaires at three annual waves. Multi-group comparison path analyses were conducted to examine sex and stress-level differences in the proposed reciprocal-influence model. In girls and in youth exposed to high levels of peer stress, maladaptive stress responses predicted more depressive symptoms and adaptive stress responses predicted fewer depressive symptoms at each wave. These findings suggest the utility of preventive interventions for depression designed to enhance the quality of girls' stress responses. In boys, depression predicted less adaptive and more maladaptive stress responses, but only at the second wave. These findings suggest that interventions designed to reduce boys' depressive symptoms may help them develop more adaptive stress responses.
本研究考察了青少年应对同伴压力和抑郁的反应之间的交互关联。具体来说，它检验了以下假设：(a) 抑郁会预测随着时间的推移，对同伴压力的反应更少努力，而更多的是无意识的、失调的反应；(b) 更少的适应性反应和更多的适应不良的反应将预测随后的抑郁。研究对象为青少年（M 年龄=12.41；SD=1.19；86 名女孩，81 名男孩）及其母亲照顾者，他们在三个年度波次完成了半结构化访谈和问卷调查。多组比较路径分析用于检验提出的互惠影响模型中的性别和压力水平差异。在女孩和面临高水平同伴压力的青少年中，适应不良的压力反应预测了每个波次的更多抑郁症状，而适应性的压力反应则预测了更少的抑郁症状。这些发现表明，预防干预对于增强女孩应对压力的质量具有一定的作用，而设计预防抑郁的干预措施可能有助于她们发展出更适应的压力反应。在男孩中，抑郁预测了更少的适应性反应和更多的适应不良的反应，但仅在第二个波次中。这些发现表明，设计旨在减少男孩抑郁症状的干预措施可能有助于他们发展出更适应的压力反应。
