Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010 Dec;10(6):587-93. doi: 10.1097/ACI.0b013e32833fd5eb.
Recent investigation has resulted in significant advances toward definitive therapeutic options for food allergy. In this review, we will explore novel immunotherapeutic interventions for the active treatment of food allergy.
Because the injection route for allergen immunotherapy to foods has been associated with an unacceptable risk of severe anaphylactic reactions, use of mucosally targeted therapeutic strategies is of significant interest for food allergy. Allergen-specific immunotherapeutic approaches such as oral, sublingual, epicutaneous, and peptide immunotherapy have demonstrated efficacy in increasing threshold dose and inducing immunologic changes associated with both desensitization and oral tolerance in animal and human trials. More global immunomodulatory strategies, such as Traditional Chinese Medicine and anti-IgE therapy have been shown to effectively target the allergic response, and clinical trials are ongoing to determine the efficacy and safety in human food allergy.
The advent of therapies that target the mucosal immune response to promote oral tolerance have shown great promise in the treatment of food hypersensitivity. However, there is still significant risk of adverse reactions associated with these therapeutic strategies and further study is needed to carefully advance these therapeutic modalities toward general clinical implementation.
最近的研究在为食物过敏的明确治疗选择方面取得了重大进展。在这篇综述中，我们将探讨食物过敏主动治疗的新型免疫治疗干预措施。
由于食物过敏原免疫治疗的注射途径与严重过敏反应的不可接受风险相关，因此，黏膜靶向治疗策略对于食物过敏具有重要意义。过敏原特异性免疫治疗方法，如口服、舌下、经皮和肽免疫治疗，在动物和人体试验中已证明可有效增加阈值剂量，并诱导与脱敏和口服耐受相关的免疫变化。更全面的免疫调节策略，如中药和抗 IgE 治疗，已被证明可有效靶向过敏反应，正在进行临床试验以确定其在人类食物过敏中的疗效和安全性。
针对黏膜免疫反应以促进口服耐受的治疗方法的出现，为治疗食物过敏带来了很大的希望。然而，这些治疗策略仍然存在显著的不良反应风险，需要进一步研究以谨慎地将这些治疗方法推进到一般临床应用中。
