Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, and Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
Mol Pharm. 2010 Dec 6;7(6):1880-98. doi: 10.1021/mp1001944. Epub 2010 Oct 7.
Next to surgical resection, tumor ablation is a commonly used intervention in the treatment of solid tumors. Tumor ablation methods include thermal therapies, photodynamic therapy, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) producing agents. Thermal therapies induce tumor cell death via thermal energy and include radiofrequency, microwave, high intensity focused ultrasound, and cryoablation. Photodynamic therapy and ROS producing agents cause increased oxidative stress in tumor cells leading to apoptosis. While these therapies are safe and viable alternatives when resection of malignancies is not feasible, they do have associated limitations that prevent their widespread use in clinical applications. To improve the efficacy of these treatments, nanoparticles are being studied in combination with nonsurgical ablation regimens. In addition to better thermal effect on tumor ablation, nanoparticles can deliver anticancer therapeutics that show a synergistic antitumor effect in the presence of heat and can also be imaged to achieve precision in therapy. Understanding the molecular mechanism of nanoparticle-mediated tumor ablation could further help engineer nanoparticles of appropriate composition and properties to synergize the ablation effect. This review aims to explore the various types of nonsurgical tumor ablation methods currently used in cancer treatment and potential improvements by nanotechnology applications.
除了手术切除，肿瘤消融是治疗实体瘤的常用干预手段。肿瘤消融方法包括热疗、光动力疗法和活性氧（ROS）产生剂。热疗通过热能诱导肿瘤细胞死亡，包括射频、微波、高强度聚焦超声和冷冻消融。光动力疗法和 ROS 产生剂导致肿瘤细胞中氧化应激增加，从而导致细胞凋亡。虽然这些疗法在无法进行恶性肿瘤切除时是安全可行的替代方法，但它们确实存在相关限制，阻碍了它们在临床应用中的广泛使用。为了提高这些治疗方法的疗效，正在研究纳米颗粒与非手术消融方案联合使用。除了在肿瘤消融方面有更好的热效应外，纳米颗粒还可以输送抗癌药物，在热的存在下表现出协同抗肿瘤作用，并且还可以进行成像，以实现治疗的精确性。了解纳米颗粒介导的肿瘤消融的分子机制可能有助于进一步设计具有适当组成和性质的纳米颗粒，以协同消融效果。本综述旨在探讨目前用于癌症治疗的各种非手术肿瘤消融方法以及纳米技术应用的潜在改进。
