Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, PO Box 14155-6135, Tehran, Iran.
Environ Monit Assess. 2011 Jul;178(1-4):487-98. doi: 10.1007/s10661-010-1707-x. Epub 2010 Oct 6.
As circumstances of operating and maintenance activities for landfilling and composting in Tehran metropolis differ from those of cities in developed countries, it was concluded to have an environmental impact comparison between the current solid waste management (MSW) strategies: (1) landfill, and (2) composting plus landfill. Life cycle assessment (LCA) was used to compare these scenarios for MSW in Tehran, Iran. The Eco-Indicator 99 is applied as an impact assessment method considering surplus energy, climate change, acidification, respiratory effect, carcinogenesis, ecotoxicity and ozone layer depletion points of aspects. One ton of municipal solid waste of Tehran was selected as the functional unit. According to the comparisons, the composting plus landfill scenario causes less damage to human health in comparison to landfill scenario. However, its damages to both mineral and fossil resources as well as ecosystem quality are higher than the landfill scenario. Thus, the composting plus landfill scenario had a higher environmental impact than landfill scenario. However, an integrated waste management will ultimately be the most efficient approach in terms of both environmental and economic benefits. In this paper, a cost evaluation shows that the unit cost per ton of waste for the scenarios is 15.28 and 26.40 US$, respectively. Results show landfill scenario as the preferable option both in environmental and economic aspects for Tehran in the current situation.
由于德黑兰大都市填埋和堆肥作业和维护活动的情况与发达国家城市的情况不同，因此有必要对当前固体废物管理（MSW）策略进行环境影响比较：（1）填埋，（2）堆肥加填埋。生命周期评估（LCA）用于比较伊朗德黑兰的这些 MSW 情景。应用生态指标 99 作为一种影响评估方法，考虑了盈余能源、气候变化、酸化、呼吸效应、致癌作用、生态毒性和臭氧层消耗等方面的观点。选择一吨德黑兰城市固体废物作为功能单元。根据比较，与填埋情景相比，堆肥加填埋情景对人类健康的危害较小。然而，它对矿产和化石资源以及生态系统质量的破坏比填埋情景更高。因此，堆肥加填埋情景比填埋情景对环境的影响更大。然而，综合废物管理最终将是最有效的方法，无论是在环境还是经济效益方面。在本文中，成本评估表明，各个情景下每吨废物的单位成本分别为 15.28 美元和 26.40 美元。结果表明，在当前情况下，对于德黑兰而言，填埋情景在环境和经济方面都是更可取的选择。
