Jung Kyung Hwa, Patel Molini M, Moors Kathleen, Kinney Patrick L, Chillrud Steven N, Whyatt Robin, Hoepner Lori, Garfinkel Robin, Yan Beizhan, Ross James, Camann David, Perera Frederica P, Miller Rachel L
Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care of Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, PH8E, 630 W. 168 St. New York, New York 10032.
Atmos Environ (1994). 2010 Nov 1;44(36):4545-4552. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.08.024.
Exposure to air pollutants has been associated with adverse health effects. However, analyses of the effects of season and ambient parameters such as ozone have not been fully conducted. Residential indoor and outdoor air levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), black carbon (measured as absorption coefficient [Abs]), and fine particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM)(2.5) were measured over two-weeks in a cohort of 5-6 year old children (n=334) living in New York City's Northern Manhattan and the Bronx between October 2005 and April 2010. The objectives were to: 1) characterize seasonal changes in indoor and outdoor levels and indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratios of PAH (gas + particulate phase; dichotomized into Σ(8)PAH(semivolatile) (MW 178-206), and Σ(8)PAH(nonvolatile) (MW 228-278)), Abs, and PM(2.5); and 2) assess the relationship between PAH and ozone. Results showed that heating compared to nonheating season was associated with greater Σ(8)PAH(nonvolatile) (p<0.001) and Abs (p<0.05), and lower levels of Σ(8)PAH(semivolatile) (p<0.001). In addition, the heating season was associated with lower I/O ratios of Σ(8)PAH(nonvolatile) and higher I/O ratios of Σ(8)PAH(semivolatile) (p<0.001) compared to the nonheating season. In outdoor air, Σ(8)PAH(nonvolatile) was correlated negatively with community-wide ozone concentration (p<0.001). Seasonal changes in emission sources, air exchanges, meteorological conditions and photochemical/chemical degradation reactions are discussed in relationship to the observed seasonal trends.
接触空气污染物已被证明与不良健康影响有关。然而，对于季节以及臭氧等环境参数的影响分析尚未全面展开。在2005年10月至2010年4月期间，对居住在纽约市曼哈顿北部和布朗克斯区的334名5至6岁儿童进行了为期两周的监测，测量了其住宅室内和室外空气中多环芳烃（PAH）、黑碳（以吸收系数[Abs]衡量）以及细颗粒物<2.5μm（PM₂.₅）的水平。研究目的如下：1）描述PAH（气相+颗粒相；分为Σ₈PAH（半挥发性）（分子量178 - 206）和Σ₈PAH（非挥发性）（分子量228 - 278））、Abs和PM₂.₅的室内和室外水平以及室内/室外（I/O）比率的季节性变化；2）评估PAH与臭氧之间的关系。结果显示，与非供暖季节相比，供暖季节的Σ₈PAH（非挥发性）（p<0.001）和Abs（p<0.05）水平更高，而Σ₈PAH（半挥发性）水平更低（p<0.001）。此外，与非供暖季节相比，供暖季节的Σ₈PAH（非挥发性）I/O比率更低，而Σ₈PAH（半挥发性）的I/O比率更高（p<0.001）。在室外空气中，Σ₈PAH（非挥发性）与社区范围内的臭氧浓度呈负相关（p<0.001）。文中结合观测到的季节性趋势，讨论了排放源、空气交换、气象条件以及光化学/化学降解反应的季节性变化。
