Ademola Isaiah Oluwafemi, Eloff J N
Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2011 Feb;43(2):521-7. doi: 10.1007/s11250-010-9727-7. Epub 2010 Nov 19.
The current control of parasitic nematodes in small ruminants relies on the use of chemical anthelminthics, but the development of resistance and the problem of drug residues require research into alternatives. Acetone extract and solvent-solvent fractions of Vernonia amygdalina Del. (Compositae) were evaluated in vitro for potential anti-parasitic effects against the eggs and larvae of Haemonchus contortus. Significant effects were obtained with the extract and fractions but differences were observed depending on the parasitic stage. The acetone extract and fractions inhibited egg hatching and inhibited larval development and killed larvae of H. contortus in a concentration-dependent manner. Best-fit 50% lethal concentration (LC(50)) values were 957.0, 76.0, 524.0, 309.0 and 224.0 μg/ml for the acetone extract, and the butanol, hexane, chloroform and 35% water in methanol fractions, respectively, when tested against nematode eggs. Best-fit LC(50) values for the larval viability test were 508.2, 485.5, 569.3, 348.9 and 196.6 μg/ml for the acetone extract, and the butanol, hexane, chloroform and 35% water in methanol fractions, respectively. The butanol fraction was most active against nematode eggs while the 35% water in methanol fraction was the most active on nematode larvae, although differences in activity between fractions were not significant (p > 0.05). Overall, these in vitro results suggest that V. amygdalina, traditionally used by small farmers in Western Africa, does possess anti-parasitic properties.
目前，小型反刍动物寄生线虫的防治主要依靠使用化学驱虫药，但耐药性的产生和药物残留问题促使人们研究替代方法。对扁桃斑鸠菊（菊科）的丙酮提取物和溶剂-溶剂馏分进行了体外评估，以研究其对捻转血矛线虫虫卵和幼虫的潜在抗寄生虫作用。提取物和馏分均产生了显著效果，但根据寄生虫阶段的不同观察到了差异。丙酮提取物和馏分抑制虫卵孵化、抑制幼虫发育，并以浓度依赖的方式杀死捻转血矛线虫幼虫。在对线虫卵进行测试时，丙酮提取物、丁醇、己烷、氯仿和甲醇中35%水馏分的最佳拟合半数致死浓度（LC50）值分别为957.0、76.0、524.0、309.0和224.0μg/ml。在幼虫活力测试中，丙酮提取物、丁醇、己烷、氯仿和甲醇中35%水馏分的最佳拟合LC50值分别为508.2、485.5、569.3、348.9和196.6μg/ml。丁醇馏分对线虫卵的活性最强，而甲醇中35%水馏分对线虫幼虫的活性最强，尽管各馏分之间的活性差异不显著（p>0.05）。总体而言，这些体外研究结果表明，西非小农户传统上使用的扁桃斑鸠菊确实具有抗寄生虫特性。
