US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Mail Stop E02, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
Pediatrics. 2011 Jan;127(1):e1-8. doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-0134. Epub 2010 Dec 13.
Neonatal herpes simplex virus (nHSV) infections, although relatively rare, cause significant morbidity and mortality. Estimates of nHSV incidence across the United States vary widely and have been derived by using a variety of methods. We estimated the incidence of nHSV infections for the United States during 2006, as well as demographic-specific rates, by using nationally and regionally weighted estimates from a population-based sample of inpatient data.
We examined inpatient records of infants aged 60 days or younger at admission using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids' Inpatient Database. Patients with a length of stay that exceeded 7 days (or deceased during hospitalization) were identified at discharge from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes for herpes simplex (054.0-054.9). Cases for which patients had been transferred from another hospital or readmitted were excluded from case counts.
We found an overall US incidence of 9.6 per 100 000 births in 2006. Rates per 100 000 births among US regions were 8.2 in the Northeast, 12.9 in the Midwest, 8.9 in the South, and 8.8 in the West. Rates of 13.8, 9.9, and 7.5 were observed for black, white, and Hispanic newborns, respectively; these differences were not statistically significant. Rates were significantly higher among cases for which the expected primary payer was Medicaid (15.1) compared with private insurance or managed health care (5.4). Median age at admission was 10 days; 25% of admissions were on the day of birth.
This description of regional and demographic-specific nHSV incidence rates for the United States provides important new information on the extent of this potentially devastating disease.
新生儿单纯疱疹病毒（nHSV）感染虽然相对少见，但会导致严重的发病率和死亡率。美国各地 nHSV 发病率的估计值差异很大，并且是通过使用各种方法得出的。我们使用基于人群的住院患者数据的全国和地区加权估计值，估算了 2006 年美国 nHSV 感染的发病率以及特定人群的发病率。
我们使用医疗保健成本和利用项目儿童住院数据库，检查了入院时年龄在 60 天或以下的住院婴儿的住院记录。根据国际疾病分类，第九版临床修正版（ICD-9-CM）编码 054.0-054.9 为单纯疱疹的出院时住院时间超过 7 天（或在住院期间死亡）的患者被确定为病例。对于已从其他医院转来或再次入院的患者，其病例数被排除在外。
我们发现 2006 年美国的总发病率为每 100000 例活产儿 9.6 例。美国各地区每 100000 例活产儿的发病率分别为东北部 8.2 例、中西部 12.9 例、南部 8.9 例和西部 8.8 例。黑、白、西班牙裔新生儿的发病率分别为 13.8、9.9 和 7.5；这些差异无统计学意义。预期主要付款人是医疗补助（Medicaid）的病例（15.1）与私人保险或管理式医疗保健（5.4）相比，发病率明显更高。入院时的中位年龄为 10 天；25%的入院发生在出生当天。
本研究描述了美国的区域性和特定人群 nHSV 发病率，为这种潜在破坏性疾病的严重程度提供了重要的新信息。
