Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States.
J Proteome Res. 2011 Apr 1;10(4):1548-57. doi: 10.1021/pr1009367. Epub 2011 Feb 22.
Free oligosaccharides are abundant components of mammalian milk and have primary roles as prebiotic compounds, in immune defense, and in brain development. A mass spectrometry-based technique is applied to profile milk oligosaccharides from apes (chimpanzee, gorilla, and siamang), new world monkeys (golden lion tamarin and common marmoset), and an old world monkey (rhesus). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the patterns of primate milk oligosaccharide composition from a phylogenetic perspective to assess the extent to which the compositions of HMOs derives from ancestral primate patterns as opposed to more recent evolutionary events. Milk oligosaccharides were quantitated by nanoflow liquid chromatography on chip-based devices. The relative abundances of fucosylated and sialylated milk oligosaccharides in primates were also determined. For a systematic and comprehensive study of evolutionary patterns of milk oligosaccharides, cluster analysis of primate milk was performed using the chromatographic profile. In general, the oligosaccharides in primate milk, including humans, are more complex and exhibit greater diversity compared to the ones in nonprimate milk. A detailed comparison of the oligosaccharides across evolution revealed nonsequential developmental pattern, that is, that primate milk oligosaccharides do not necessarily cluster according to the primate phylogeny. This report represents the first comprehensive and quantitative effort to profile and elucidate the structures of free milk oligosaccharides so that they can be related to glycan function in different primates.
游离低聚糖是哺乳动物乳汁中的丰富成分，主要作为益生元化合物、在免疫防御和大脑发育中发挥作用。本研究应用基于质谱的技术对猿（黑猩猩、大猩猩和合趾猿）、新世界猴（金狮面狨和普通狨猴）和旧世界猴（恒河猴）的乳寡糖进行分析，旨在从系统发育的角度评估灵长类动物乳寡糖组成的模式，以评估 HMO 组成在多大程度上来源于原始灵长类动物的模式，而不是更近的进化事件。采用纳流液相色谱芯片装置对乳寡糖进行定量分析，还测定了灵长类动物中岩藻糖基化和唾液酸化乳寡糖的相对丰度。为了对乳寡糖的进化模式进行系统和全面的研究，使用色谱图谱对灵长类动物的乳进行聚类分析。一般来说，包括人类在内的灵长类动物的乳寡糖比非灵长类动物的乳寡糖更复杂，表现出更大的多样性。对进化过程中的寡糖进行详细比较揭示了非顺序发育模式，即灵长类动物乳寡糖不一定根据灵长类动物的系统发育聚类。本报告代表了首次对游离乳寡糖进行全面和定量分析的努力，以阐明它们的结构，从而可以将其与不同灵长类动物中的聚糖功能相关联。
