Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2011 Apr;14(2):179-86. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2010.12.002. Epub 2011 Jan 11.
Plant genomes are modified by an array of epigenetic marks that help regulate plant growth and reproduction. Although plants share many epigenetic features with animals and fungi, some epigenetic marks are unique to plants. In different organisms, the same epigenetic mark can play different roles and/or similar functions can be carried out by different epigenetic marks. Furthermore, while the enzymatic systems responsible for generating or eliminating epigenetic marks are often conserved, there are also cases where they are quite divergent between plants and other organisms. DNA methylation and methylation of histone tails on the lysine 4, 9, and 27 positions are among the best characterized epigenetic marks in both plants and animals. Recent studies have greatly enhanced our knowledge about the pattern of these marks in various genomes and provided insights into how they are established and maintained and how they function. This review focuses on the conservation and divergence of the pathways that mediate these four types of epigenetic marks.
植物基因组被一系列表观遗传标记所修饰，这些标记有助于调控植物的生长和繁殖。尽管植物与动物和真菌具有许多表观遗传特征，但也有一些表观遗传标记是植物所特有的。在不同的生物体中，相同的表观遗传标记可能发挥不同的作用，或者不同的表观遗传标记可能执行类似的功能。此外，尽管负责生成或消除表观遗传标记的酶系统通常是保守的，但在植物和其他生物体之间也存在相当大的差异。DNA 甲基化和组蛋白尾部赖氨酸 4、9 和 27 位的甲基化是植物和动物中最具特征性的表观遗传标记之一。最近的研究极大地提高了我们对各种基因组中这些标记模式的认识，并深入了解了它们的建立和维持方式以及它们的功能。本文综述了介导这四种类型的表观遗传标记的途径的保守性和差异性。
