Else-Kröner-Fresenius Center of Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany.
Nutr J. 2011 Jan 17;10:5. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-10-5.
The role of breakfast energy in total daily energy intake is a matter of debate. Acute feeding experiments demonstrated that high breakfast energy leads to greater overall intake supported by cross-sectional data of a free-living population. On the other hand, a large intraindividual analysis has indicated that a high proportion of breakfast to overall intake is associated with lower daily energy intake. To evaluate these apparently contradictory results in greater detail both ways of analysis were applied to the same data set of dietary records.
On an intraindividual basis total daily energy intake was related to the absolute values of breakfast energy intake or to the ratio of breakfast to overall intake, respectively. Food intake of 280 obese and 100 normal weight subjects was analyzed who recorded over 10 (obese) or 14 (normal weight) consecutive days, respectively.
Increasing breakfast energy was associated with greater overall intake in normal weight and obese subjects. The increasing ratio of breakfast to total daily energy intake was associated with a significant reduction of overall intake on days where post-breakfast energy was significantly reduced. Correlational and multiple regression analysis support the concept that absolute breakfast calories have the strongest influence on daily energy intake.
Reduced breakfast energy intake is associated with lower total daily intake. The influence of the ratio of breakfast to overall energy intake largely depends on the post-breakfast rather than breakfast intake pattern. Therefore, overweight and obese subjects should consider the reduction of breakfast calories as a simple option to improve their daily energy balance.
早餐能量在总日能量摄入中的作用存在争议。急性喂养实验表明，高早餐能量会导致更大的整体摄入量，这得到了自由生活人群的横断面数据的支持。另一方面，大量个体内分析表明，早餐与总摄入量的比例较高与每日能量摄入较低有关。为了更详细地评估这些看似矛盾的结果，两种分析方法都应用于相同的饮食记录数据集。
在个体基础上，总日能量摄入与早餐能量摄入的绝对值或早餐与总摄入量的比例分别相关。分析了 280 名肥胖和 100 名正常体重受试者的食物摄入情况，他们分别记录了超过 10 天（肥胖）或 14 天（正常体重）的连续天数。
在正常体重和肥胖受试者中，早餐能量的增加与整体摄入量的增加相关。早餐与总日能量摄入的比例增加与早餐后能量显著减少时的整体摄入量显著减少相关。相关和多元回归分析支持这样一种概念，即早餐卡路里的绝对值对每日能量摄入的影响最大。
减少早餐能量摄入与总日摄入量降低有关。早餐与总能量摄入比例的影响在很大程度上取决于早餐后的而不是早餐的摄入模式。因此，超重和肥胖的受试者应考虑减少早餐的卡路里作为改善其日常能量平衡的简单选择。
