Jarvandi Soghra, Schootman Mario, Racette Susan B
1Division of Health Behavior Research,Washington University School of Medicine,St. Louis,MO,USA.
2Washington University School of Medicine,Program in Physical Therapy,4444 Forest Park Avenue,Campus Box 8502,St. Louis,MO 63108,USA.
Public Health Nutr. 2015 Aug;18(12):2146-52. doi: 10.1017/S1368980014002973. Epub 2014 Dec 22.
To assess the association between breakfast energy and total daily energy intake among individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Cross-sectional study. Daily energy intake was computed from a 24 h dietary recall. Multiple regression models were used to estimate the association between daily energy intake (dependent variable) and quartiles of energy intake at breakfast (independent variable), expressed in either absolute or relative (percentage of total daily energy intake) terms. Orthogonal polynomial contrasts were used to test for linear and quadratic trends. Models were controlled for sex, age, race/ethnicity, BMI, physical activity and smoking. In addition, we used separate multiple regression models to test the effect of quartiles of absolute and relative breakfast energy on energy intake at lunch, dinner and snacks.
The 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
Participants aged ≥30 years with self-reported history of diabetes (n 1146).
Daily energy intake increased as absolute breakfast energy intake increased (linear trend, P<0·0001; quadratic trend, P=0·02), but decreased as relative breakfast energy intake increased (linear trend, P<0·0001). In addition, while higher quartiles of absolute breakfast intake had no associations with energy intake at subsequent meals, higher quartiles of relative breakfast intake were associated with lower energy intake during all subsequent meals and snacks (P<0·05).
Consuming a breakfast that provided less energy or comprised a greater proportion of daily energy intake was associated with lower total daily energy intake in adults with type 2 diabetes.
评估2型糖尿病患者早餐能量与每日总能量摄入之间的关联。
横断面研究。通过24小时饮食回顾计算每日能量摄入量。使用多元回归模型估计每日能量摄入量（因变量）与早餐能量摄入量四分位数（自变量）之间的关联，以绝对或相对（占每日总能量摄入量的百分比）形式表示。使用正交多项式对比检验线性和二次趋势。模型对性别、年龄、种族/族裔、体重指数、身体活动和吸烟进行了控制。此外，我们使用单独的多元回归模型来测试绝对和相对早餐能量四分位数对午餐、晚餐和零食能量摄入的影响。
1999 - 2004年美国国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）。
年龄≥30岁且自我报告有糖尿病病史的参与者（n = 1146）。
随着早餐绝对能量摄入量增加，每日能量摄入量增加（线性趋势，P<0.0001；二次趋势，P = 0.02），但随着早餐相对能量摄入量增加而减少（线性趋势，P<0.0001）。此外，虽然早餐绝对摄入量较高的四分位数与后续餐次的能量摄入无关联，但早餐相对摄入量较高的四分位数与所有后续餐次和零食的能量摄入较低相关（P<0.05）。
对于2型糖尿病成年人，食用能量较低或占每日能量摄入量比例较高的早餐与较低的每日总能量摄入相关。
