School of Computing, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Mem Cognit. 2011 May;39(4):686-99. doi: 10.3758/s13421-010-0054-z.
Two experiments investigated the effects of landmarks and body-based information on route knowledge. Participants made four out-and-back journeys along a route, guided only on the first outward trip and with feedback every time an error was made. Experiment 1 used 3-D virtual environments (VEs) with a desktop monitor display, and participants were provided with no supplementary landmarks, only global landmarks, only local landmarks, or both global and local landmarks. Local landmarks significantly reduced the number of errors that participants made, but global landmarks did not. Experiment 2 used a head-mounted display; here, participants who physically walked through the VE (translational and rotational body-based information) made 36% fewer errors than did participants who traveled by physically turning but changing position using a joystick. Overall, the experiments showed that participants were less sure of where to turn than which way, and journey direction interacted with sensory information to affect the number and types of errors participants made.
两项实验研究了地标和基于身体的信息对路线知识的影响。参与者沿着一条路线进行了四次往返旅行，仅在第一次外出旅行时得到指导，并在每次出错时得到反馈。实验 1 使用具有桌面显示器的 3-D 虚拟环境 (VE)，参与者没有提供任何补充地标，只有全局地标，只有局部地标，或全局和局部地标都有。局部地标显著减少了参与者犯错的次数，但全局地标没有。实验 2 使用了头戴式显示器；在这里，通过身体穿过 VE（平移和旋转的基于身体的信息）的参与者比使用操纵杆改变位置但通过身体转动的参与者犯的错误少 36%。总的来说，这些实验表明，参与者对于转向的方向不如转向的位置确定，而且行程方向与感官信息相互作用，影响参与者犯错的次数和类型。
