Division of HIV AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Clin Infect Dis. 2011 Jan 1;52 Suppl 1:S161-7. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciq032.
US investigations of school-based outbreaks of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection characterized influenza-like illness (ILI) attack rates, transmission risk factors, and adherence to nonpharmaceutical interventions. We summarize seven school-based investigations conducted during April-June 2009 to determine what questions might be answered by future investigations. Surveys were administered 5-28 days after identification of the outbreaks, and participation rates varied among households (39-86%) and individuals (24-49%). Compared with adults (4%-10%) and children aged <4 years (2%-7%), elementary through university students had higher ILI attack rates (4%-32%). Large gatherings or close contact with sick persons were identified as transmission risk factors. More participants reported adherence to hygiene measures, but fewer reported adherence to isolation measures. Challenges included low participation and delays in survey initiation that potentially introduced bias. Although school-based investigations can increase our understanding of epidemiology and prevention strategy effectiveness, investigators should decide which objectives are most feasible, given timing and design constraints.
美国对 2009 年大流行性流感 A（H1N1）病毒学校暴发的调查描述了流感样疾病（ILI）的发病率、传播危险因素以及对非药物干预措施的遵守情况。我们总结了 2009 年 4 月至 6 月进行的七项基于学校的调查，以确定未来的调查可能会回答哪些问题。调查是在暴发发生后 5-28 天进行的，家庭（39-86%）和个人（24-49%）的参与率有所不同。与成年人（4%-10%）和年龄<4 岁的儿童（2%-7%）相比，小学到大学的学生 ILI 发病率更高（4%-32%）。大型集会或与患病者的密切接触被确定为传播危险因素。更多的参与者报告了对卫生措施的遵守，但对隔离措施的遵守者较少。挑战包括低参与率和调查启动延迟，这可能会带来偏差。尽管基于学校的调查可以增进我们对流行病学和预防策略有效性的理解，但调查人员应根据时间和设计限制，决定哪些目标最可行。
