Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, 200B Lazenby Hall, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2011 Jun;18(3):490-7. doi: 10.3758/s13423-011-0079-8.
Performance on perceptual tasks improves with practice. Most theories address only accuracy data and tacitly assume that perceptual learning is a monolithic phenomenon. The present study pioneers the use of response time distributions in perceptual learning research. The 27 observers practiced a visual motion-direction discrimination task with filtered-noise textures for four sessions with feedback. Session 5 tested whether the learning effects transferred to the orthogonal direction. The diffusion model (Ratcliff, Psychological Review, 85, 59-108, 1978) achieved good fits to the individual response time distributions from each session and identified two distinct learning mechanisms with markedly different specificities. A stimulus-specific increase in the drift-rate parameter indicated improved sensory input to the decision process, and a stimulus-general decrease in nondecision time variability suggested improved timing of the decision process onset relative to stimulus onset (which was preceded by a beep). A traditional d' analysis would miss the latter effect, but the diffusion-model analysis identified it in the response time data.
在感知任务上的表现随着练习而提高。大多数理论仅解决准确性数据，并默认假设感知学习是一个整体现象。本研究开创了在感知学习研究中使用反应时分布的先河。27 名观察者在四个带有反馈的会议中使用过滤噪声纹理练习视觉运动方向辨别任务。第 5 次会议测试了学习效果是否转移到正交方向。扩散模型（Ratcliff，《心理学评论》，85, 59-108, 1978）很好地拟合了每个会议的个体反应时间分布，并确定了两种具有明显不同特异性的不同学习机制。漂移率参数的刺激特异性增加表明决策过程中感官输入得到改善，非决策时间可变性的刺激一般性降低表明决策过程相对于刺激开始（之前有蜂鸣声）的开始时间得到改善。传统的 d'分析会忽略后者的影响，但扩散模型分析在反应时间数据中识别出了它。
