School of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.
Anxiety Stress Coping. 2011 Oct;24(5):477-97. doi: 10.1080/10615806.2011.562977. Epub 2011 Jun 12.
Differentiating perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns, the present study examined how perfectionism predicts what coping strategies people use, when dealing with failures, and how perfectionism and coping influence people's satisfaction. A sample of 149 students completed daily reports for 3-14 days, reporting the most bothersome failure they experienced during the day, what strategies they used to cope with the failure, and how satisfied they felt at the end of the day. Multilevel regression analyses showed that perfectionistic concerns predicted more frequent use of self-blame, less frequent use of active coping and acceptance, and higher satisfaction at the end of the day, whereas perfectionistic strivings predicted less frequent use of self-blame and higher satisfaction. Although positive reframing, acceptance, and humor predicted higher satisfaction for all students, further analyses showed that positive reframing coping was particularly helpful for students high in perfectionistic concern. The findings suggest that accommodative coping strategies are generally helpful in dealing with personal failures, with positive reframing being a coping strategy that works particularly well for people high in perfectionistic concerns (who are prone to dissatisfaction) to achieve higher satisfaction at the end of the day.
区分完美主义的努力和完美主义的担忧，本研究考察了完美主义如何预测人们在面对失败时会使用哪些应对策略，以及完美主义和应对策略如何影响人们的满意度。149 名学生完成了 3-14 天的日常报告，报告了当天最困扰的失败经历、他们用来应对失败的策略以及当天结束时的满意度。多层次回归分析表明，完美主义担忧预测更频繁地自责，较少使用积极应对和接受，以及更高的满意度，而完美主义努力则预测较少的自责和更高的满意度。尽管积极的重新构建、接受和幽默对所有学生都有较高的满意度预测，但进一步的分析表明，积极的重新构建应对策略对完美主义担忧较高的学生特别有帮助。研究结果表明，适应性应对策略通常有助于应对个人失败，而积极的重新构建是一种应对策略，对完美主义担忧较高的人（容易不满的人）特别有效，可以在一天结束时获得更高的满意度。
