Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College, London, UK.
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2011 May 13;369(1942):1719-29. doi: 10.1098/rsta.2011.0013.
Global health continues to face increasing challenges owing to a variety of reasons that include the almost constant changes in disease appearance and evolution. Most, but not all, of these changes affect low-income countries and are influenced by climate change. Tracking the recent and anticipated changes in the demographics and global distribution of these changes is essential for evolving effective new methods for dealing with the problems. The recent recognition by the United Nations of the importance of non-communicable diseases is a major positive step. For the sake of this paper, the following diseases were chosen: dengue and malaria, to highlight the role of climate change on vector-borne diseases. Drug-resistant tuberculosis illustrates the role of globalization and reduced resources on disease evolution. The continuing rise in cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, particularly in resource-poor countries is largely attributed to lack of preventive and therapeutic measures against such conditions as hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis and congenital heart disease as well as neglected diseases, of which Chagas and rheumatic heart disease will be discussed further.
由于疾病表现和演变几乎不断变化等多种原因，全球卫生继续面临日益严峻的挑战。这些变化大多数（并非全部）影响到低收入国家，并受到气候变化的影响。跟踪这些变化的人口统计和全球分布的最新和预期变化，对于制定应对这些问题的有效新方法至关重要。联合国最近认识到非传染性疾病的重要性，这是一个重大的积极步骤。为了本文的目的，选择了以下疾病：登革热和疟疾，以突出气候变化对媒介传播疾病的作用。耐多药结核病说明了全球化和资源减少对疾病演变的作用。心血管病死亡率和发病率持续上升，特别是在资源贫乏国家，主要归因于缺乏高血压、糖尿病、动脉粥样硬化和先天性心脏病等疾病的预防和治疗措施，以及被忽视的疾病，其中将进一步讨论恰加斯病和风湿性心脏病。
