CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Small. 2011 May 23;7(10):1322-37. doi: 10.1002/smll.201100001. Epub 2011 Apr 26.
The interactions of nanoparticles with the soft surfaces of biological systems like cells play key roles in executing their biomedical functions and in toxicity. The discovery or design of new biomedical functions, or the prediction of the toxicological consequences of nanoparticles in vivo, first require knowledge of the interplay processes of the nanoparticles with the target cells. This article focusses on the cellular uptake, location and translocation, and any biological consequences, such as cytotoxicity, of the most widely studied and used nanoparticles, such as carbon-based nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, and quantum dots. The relevance of the size and shape, composition, charge, and surface chemistry of the nanoparticles in cells is considered. The intracellular uptake pathways of the nanoparticles and the cellular responses, with potential signaling pathways activated by nanoparticle interactions, are also discussed.
纳米粒子与生物系统（如细胞）的软表面的相互作用在执行其生物医学功能和毒性方面起着关键作用。新的生物医学功能的发现或设计，或纳米粒子在体内的毒理学后果的预测，首先需要了解纳米粒子与靶细胞的相互作用过程。本文重点介绍了最广泛研究和使用的纳米粒子（如碳基纳米粒子、金属纳米粒子和量子点）与靶细胞的相互作用、定位和转位，以及任何生物学后果，如细胞毒性。还考虑了纳米粒子在细胞中的尺寸和形状、组成、电荷和表面化学的相关性。讨论了纳米粒子的细胞内摄取途径以及细胞反应，包括纳米粒子相互作用激活的潜在信号通路。
