Graduate School of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100, Tsukide, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan.
Chemosphere. 2011 Jul;84(4):432-8. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.03.048. Epub 2011 May 12.
In recent years, sludge generated in sewage treatment plants (STPs) and solid waste from livestock being utilized is useful for circulation of nourishment in farmlands as recycled organic manure (ROM). In this study, we determined the residue levels and patterns of 12 pharmaceutical products generated by human activity in the ROMs produced from human waste sludge (HWS), sewage sludge (SS), cattle manure (CM), poultry manure (PM), swine manure (SM) and horse manure (HM). The kind and number of pharmaceutical products detected in ROMs were different. Fluoroquinolones (FQs) were detected at high levels in HWS and SS samples. In addition, the detection frequency and concentration levels of sulfonamides (SAs) in PM and SM were high. Moreover, high concentrations of chlortetracycline (CTC) were found in only SM. These differences reflect specific adherence adsorption of the pharmaceutical products to different livestock and humans. Moreover, it was found that the concentrations of pharmaceutical products and fermentation levels of ROMs had significant positive correlation (r=0.41, p=0.024). When the fermentation test of ROM was conducted in a rotary fermentor in a lab scale test, the residue levels of pharmaceutical products decreased effectively except carbamazepine (CBZ). The rates of decrease were in the case of tetracyclines (TCs): 85-92%, FQs: 81-100%, erythromycine: 67%, SAs: 79-95%, trimethoprim: 86% and CBZ: 37% by 30 d. Pharmaceutical products that can be decomposed by fermentation process at the lowest impact of residual antibiotic activities may therefore be considered as environmentally friendly medicines.
近年来，污水处理厂（STP）产生的污泥和利用的牲畜固体废物作为再生有机肥料（ROM）可用于农田养分循环。在这项研究中，我们确定了人粪污泥（HWS）、污水污泥（SS）、牛粪（CM）、禽粪（PM）、猪粪（SM）和马粪（HM）生产的 ROM 中 12 种人类活动产生的药物的残留水平和模式。ROM 中检测到的药物种类和数量不同。氟喹诺酮类（FQs）在 HWS 和 SS 样品中含量较高。此外，PM 和 SM 中磺胺类（SAs）的检测频率和浓度水平较高。此外，仅在 SM 中发现高浓度的金霉素（CTC）。这些差异反映了药物对不同牲畜和人类的特定吸附。此外，还发现药物浓度和 ROM 的发酵水平呈显著正相关（r=0.41，p=0.024）。当在实验室规模的旋转发酵器中进行 ROM 发酵试验时，除了卡马西平（CBZ）外，药物残留水平有效降低。药物的减少率为：四环素类（TCs）：85-92%、氟喹诺酮类（FQs）：81-100%、红霉素：67%、磺胺类（SAs）：79-95%、甲氧苄啶：86%和 CBZ：37%，30 天。因此，可通过发酵过程分解且残留抗生素活性影响最小的药物可被视为环境友好型药物。
