Children's Hospital of Michigan, Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
J Palliat Med. 2011 Aug;14(8):951-64. doi: 10.1089/jpm.2010.0453. Epub 2011 Jun 1.
Pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) are highly technological settings in which advanced care is used to restore health to critically ill children; however, they are also places where children die. Understanding the needs of parents bereaved in this setting is essential for better family care.
To systematically review the extant literature to identify instruments potentially useful for assessing the needs of parents bereaved in the PICU.
We searched PubMed™, CINAHL™, and Health and Psychosocial Instruments™ for tools to assess family needs during a relative's hospitalization. From 357 abstracts, 96 articles were reviewed that described 31 instruments. Fifteen instruments were selected based on their (1) use with parents and/or the bereaved, (2) use in PICU, neonatal intensive care, or pediatric wards, (3) measurement of family needs or related constructs, and (4) published psychometrics. Need-related constructs included satisfaction with family care and environmental stress since these have been related to met and unmet needs, respectively.
No instruments specifically designed to assess the needs of parents bereaved in the PICU were identified. Most tools reviewed showed validity and reliability in the populations and settings for which the tools were intended; however, validity and reliability were not established for parents bereaved in the PICU. No tools addressed the full range of needs for parents bereaved in the PICU.
A new instrument is needed to adequately assess the needs of parents bereaved in the PICU. Patient conditions, illness trajectories, and life course perspectives must be considered in designing a new tool.
儿科重症监护病房（PICU）是高度技术化的环境，在其中使用先进的医疗手段来恢复病危儿童的健康；然而，这里也是儿童死亡的地方。了解在这种环境中失去孩子的父母的需求对于更好地提供家庭关怀至关重要。
系统地回顾现有文献，以确定评估 PICU 中丧亲父母需求的潜在有用工具。
我们在 PubMed™、CINAHL™ 和 Health and Psychosocial Instruments™ 中搜索了用于评估亲属住院期间家庭需求的工具。从 357 篇摘要中，我们回顾了 96 篇描述了 31 种工具的文章。根据以下标准选择了 15 种工具：（1）用于父母和/或丧亲者；（2）用于 PICU、新生儿重症监护病房或儿科病房；（3）测量家庭需求或相关结构；（4）发表的心理测量学。与需求相关的结构包括对家庭护理的满意度和环境压力，因为这些与满足和未满足的需求分别相关。
没有发现专门用于评估 PICU 中丧亲父母需求的工具。大多数审查的工具在其预期的人群和环境中显示了有效性和可靠性；然而，尚未在 PICU 中丧亲的父母中确立有效性和可靠性。没有工具涵盖 PICU 中丧亲父母的全部需求。
需要一种新的工具来充分评估 PICU 中丧亲父母的需求。在设计新工具时，必须考虑患者状况、疾病轨迹和生命历程视角。
