大学生酒精教育对新生酒精相关问题的影响：一项随机多校区试验。
Effects of AlcoholEdu for college on alcohol-related problems among freshmen: a randomized multicampus trial.
机构信息
Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, California 94704, USA.
出版信息
J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2011 Jul;72(4):642-50. doi: 10.15288/jsad.2011.72.642.
OBJECTIVE
AlcoholEdu for College is a 2- to 3-hour online course for incoming college freshmen. This study was the first multicampus trial to examine effects of AlcoholEdu for College on alcohol-related problems among freshmen.
METHOD
Thirty universities participated in the study. Fifteen were randomly assigned to receive AlcoholEdu, and the other 15 were assigned to the control condition. AlcoholEdu was implemented by intervention schools during the summer and/or fall semester. Cross-sectional surveys of freshmen were conducted at each university beginning before the intervention in spring 2008/2009; post-intervention surveys were administered in fall 2008/2009 and spring 2009/2010. The surveys included questions about the past-30-day frequency of 28 alcohol-related problems, from which we created indices for the total number of problems and problems in seven domains: physiological, academic, social, driving under the influence/ riding with drinking drivers, aggression, sexual risk taking, and victimization. Multilevel Poisson regression analyses were conducted to examine intent-to-treat and dosage effects of AlcoholEdu for College on these outcomes.
RESULTS
Multilevel intent-to-treat analyses indicated significant reductions in the risk for past-30-day alcohol problems in general and problems in the physiological, social, and victimization domains during the fall semester immediately after completion of the course. However, these effects did not persist in the spring semester. Additional analyses suggested stronger AlcoholEdu effects on these outcomes at colleges with higher rates of student course completion. No AlcoholEdu effects were observed for alcohol-related problems in the other four domains.
CONCLUSIONS
AlcoholEdu for College appears to have beneficial short-term effects on victimization and the most common types of alcohol-related problems among freshmen. Universities may benefit the most by mandating AlcoholEdu for College for all incoming freshmen and by implementing this online course along with environmental prevention strategies.
目的
大学生酒精教育（AlcoholEdu for College）是一门面向新生的 2-3 小时在线课程。本研究是首次多校区试验，旨在检验大学生酒精教育（AlcoholEdu for College）对新生饮酒相关问题的影响。
方法
30 所大学参与了这项研究。其中 15 所被随机分配到干预组，接受大学生酒精教育（AlcoholEdu for College），其余 15 所被分配到对照组。干预学校在夏季和/或秋季学期实施大学生酒精教育（AlcoholEdu for College）。2008/2009 年春季，在干预前，在每所大学对新生进行横断面调查；2008/2009 年秋季和 2009/2010 年春季进行干预后调查。调查包括过去 30 天 28 种与酒精相关的问题的频率，我们从中创建了七个领域（生理、学术、社会、酒后驾车/与饮酒司机同车、攻击、性冒险和受害）的问题总数和问题数量的指标。采用多水平泊松回归分析，检验大学生酒精教育（AlcoholEdu for College）对这些结果的意向治疗和剂量效应。
结果
多水平意向治疗分析表明，在课程结束后的秋季学期，大学生酒精教育（AlcoholEdu for College）对过去 30 天的一般饮酒问题和生理、社会和受害领域的问题风险显著降低。然而，这些效果在春季学期没有持续。进一步的分析表明，在学生课程完成率较高的学院，大学生酒精教育（AlcoholEdu for College）对这些结果的影响更强。在其他四个领域，没有观察到大学生酒精教育（AlcoholEdu for College）对与酒精相关的问题的影响。
结论
大学生酒精教育（AlcoholEdu for College）似乎对新生受害和最常见的酒精相关问题有短期的有益影响。大学可能会通过为所有新生强制实施大学生酒精教育（AlcoholEdu for College）并结合环境预防策略，从该在线课程中受益最多。
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