Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Section, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetic and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath, 4th Floor, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2012 Jan;40(1):119-32. doi: 10.1007/s10802-011-9543-1.
The coincidence of historical trends in youth antisocial behavior and change in family demographics has led to speculation of a causal link, possibly mediated by declining quality of parenting and parent-child relationships. No study to date has directly assessed whether and how parenting and parent-child relationships have changed. Two national samples of English adolescents aged 16-17 years in 1986 (N = 4,524 adolescents, 7,120 parents) and 2006 (N = 716 adolescents, 734 parents) were compared using identical questionnaire assessments. Youth-reported parental monitoring, expectations, and parent-child quality time increased between 1986 and 2006. Ratings of parental interest did not change. Parenting differences between affluent and disadvantaged families narrowed over time. There was thus little evidence of a decline in quality of parenting for the population as a whole or for disadvantaged subgroups. Parent-reported youth conduct problems showed a modest increase between 1986 and 2006. Findings suggested that the increase in youth conduct problems was largely unrelated to observed change in parent-child relationships.
青少年反社会行为的历史趋势与家庭人口统计学变化的巧合，引发了人们对因果关系的猜测，这种关系可能是通过育儿质量和亲子关系的下降来介导的。迄今为止，没有研究直接评估育儿和亲子关系是否以及如何发生了变化。本研究使用相同的问卷调查评估了 1986 年（N=4524 名青少年，7120 名家长）和 2006 年（N=716 名青少年，734 名家长）两个英国 16-17 岁青少年的全国样本。结果显示，青少年报告的父母监督、期望和亲子高质量时间在 1986 年至 2006 年间有所增加。父母兴趣的评价没有变化。富裕家庭和贫困家庭之间的育儿差异随着时间的推移而缩小。因此，整体人群或弱势群体的育儿质量下降的证据很少。父母报告的青少年行为问题在 1986 年至 2006 年间略有增加。研究结果表明，青少年行为问题的增加与观察到的亲子关系变化基本无关。
