Lorette G, Vaillant L
Service de Dermatologie, CHU Trousseau, Tours, France.
Drugs. 1990 Feb;39(2):218-23. doi: 10.2165/00003495-199039020-00005.
Pruritus is an unpleasant sensation that provokes an urge to scratch. Many stimuli (notably histamine) are able to induce pruritus. The neural conduction of the itch sensation from the free unmyelinated nerve endings to the central nervous system mainly occurs on unmyelinated C fibres and the anterolateral spinothalamic tract. Pruritus is a common symptom in many skin or systemic diseases, but very little is known about the mechanism of the condition. Treatment evaluation is difficult; many methods do not evaluate the pruritus, but only the scratching, which is a consequence of pruritus. A number of asymptomatic treatments are only partially effective and we know little about their mechanism of action. Antihistamines remain the treatment of first choice for pruritus without known cause, but generally give incomplete relief. Whenever possible it is best to treat the underlying disease.
瘙痒是一种引起搔抓冲动的不愉快感觉。许多刺激物（尤其是组胺）能够诱发瘙痒。瘙痒感觉从游离无髓神经末梢到中枢神经系统的神经传导主要发生在无髓C纤维和脊髓丘脑前束。瘙痒是许多皮肤或全身性疾病的常见症状，但对该病症的机制了解甚少。治疗评估很困难；许多方法并不评估瘙痒，而只是评估搔抓，搔抓是瘙痒的结果。一些无症状治疗仅部分有效，我们对其作用机制了解甚少。抗组胺药仍然是不明原因瘙痒的首选治疗方法，但通常缓解不完全。只要有可能，最好治疗潜在疾病。
