1Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
Plant Signal Behav. 2011 Sep;6(9):1305-11. doi: 10.4161/psb.6.9.16425.
Stomata, functionally specialized small pores on the surfaces of leaves, regulate the flow of gases in and out of plants. The pore is opened by an increase in osmotic pressure in the guard cells, resulting in the uptake of water. The subsequent increase in cell volume inflates the guard cell and culminates with the opening of the pore. Although guard cells can be regarded as one of the most thoroughly investigated cell types, our knowledge of the signaling pathways which regulate guard cell function remains fragmented. Recent research in guard cells has led to several new hypotheses, however, it is still a matter of debate as to whether guard cells function autonomously or are subject to regulation by their neighboring mesophyll cells.This review synthesizes what is known about the mechanisms and genes critical for modulating stomatal movement. Recent progress on the regulation of guard cell function is reviewed here including the involvement of environmental signals such as light, the concentration of atmospheric CO2 and endogenous plant hormones. In addition we re-evaluate the important role of organic acids such as malate and fumarate play in guard cell metabolism in this process.
气孔是叶片表面具有特殊功能的微小孔隙，调节着植物内外气体的流动。气孔通过保卫细胞中渗透压的增加而打开，导致水分的吸收。随后细胞体积的增加使保卫细胞膨胀，最终导致气孔的打开。尽管保卫细胞可以被视为研究最透彻的细胞类型之一，但我们对调节保卫细胞功能的信号通路的了解仍然支离破碎。最近对保卫细胞的研究提出了一些新的假设，但关于保卫细胞是否自主发挥功能还是受到其相邻的叶肉细胞的调节，仍然存在争议。本综述综合了关于调节气孔运动的机制和关键基因的已知信息。本文回顾了近年来关于保卫细胞功能调控的研究进展，包括环境信号（如光、大气 CO2 浓度和内源性植物激素）的参与。此外，我们还重新评估了苹果酸和延胡索酸等有机酸在这一过程中对保卫细胞代谢的重要作用。
