University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, P O Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
BMC Infect Dis. 2011 Aug 19;11:222. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-11-222.
Salmonella are the major pathogenic bacteria in humans as well as in animals. Salmonella species are leading causes of acute gastroenteritis in several countries and salmonellosis remains an important public health problem worldwide, particularly in the developing countries. The situation is more aggravated by the ever increasing rate of antimicrobial resistance strains. Cattle have been implicated as a source of human infection with antimicrobial resistant Salmonella through direct contact with livestock and through the isolation of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella from raw milk, cheddar cheese, and hamburger meat traced to dairy farms. Despiite the presence of many studies on the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella in Ethiopia, nothing has been said on the degree of the situation among apparently healthy lactating cows and in contact humans. Hence this study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella isolates from lactating cows and in contact humans in dairy farms of Addis Ababa.
a cross sectional study was conducted in Addis Ababa by collecting milk and faecal samples from lactating cows and stool samples from humans working in dairy farms. Samples were pre-enriched in buffered peptone water followed by selective enrichment using selenite cysteine and Rapaport-Vassilidis broths. Isolation and identification was made by inoculating the selectively enriched sample on to Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar followed by confirmation of presumptive colonies using different biochemical tests. The Kibry Bauer disk diffusion method was used for antimicrobial sensitivity testing.
10.7% (21/195) of cows and 13.6% (3/22) of the human subjects sheded Salmonella. 83% resistance to two or more antimicrobials and 100% resistance to ampicillin were observed. Most of the isolates were relatively sensitive to ciprofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, and chloramphenicol.
High proportion of Salmonella isolates developed resistance to the commonly prescribed antimicrobials and this may be a considerable risk in the treatment of clinical cases. So, wise use of antimicrobials must be practiced to combat the ever increasing situation of antimicrobial resistance.
沙门氏菌是人类和动物的主要致病菌。沙门氏菌是多个国家急性肠胃炎的主要致病原因，沙门氏菌病仍然是全球重要的公共卫生问题，尤其是在发展中国家。这种情况因抗菌药物耐药菌株的比例不断增加而更加严重。牛通过与牲畜直接接触以及从生奶、切达干酪和追溯到奶牛场的汉堡肉中分离出抗菌药物耐药的沙门氏菌，被认为是人类感染抗菌药物耐药沙门氏菌的来源。尽管埃塞俄比亚有许多关于沙门氏菌在该国的流行和抗菌药物敏感性模式的研究，但对于在明显健康的泌乳奶牛和接触人群中，这种情况的严重程度却没有任何说法。因此，本研究旨在确定在亚的斯亚贝巴的奶牛场从泌乳奶牛和接触人群中分离出的沙门氏菌的流行和抗菌药物耐药模式。
在亚的斯亚贝巴进行了一项横断面研究，采集泌乳奶牛的奶和粪便样本以及在奶牛场工作的人类的粪便样本。样本先在缓冲蛋白胨水中预增菌，然后用亚硒酸盐胱氨酸和拉帕波特-瓦西利迪斯肉汤进行选择性增菌。通过将选择性增菌的样本接种到木糖赖氨酸去氧胆酸盐琼脂上进行分离和鉴定，然后使用不同的生化试验确认推定的菌落。采用 Kirby-Bauer 圆盘扩散法进行抗菌药物敏感性试验。
195 头奶牛中有 10.7%（21/195）和 22 名人类受试者中有 13.6%（3/22）携带沙门氏菌。观察到 83%的菌株对两种或两种以上抗菌药物耐药，100%的菌株对氨苄西林耐药。大多数分离株对环丙沙星、复方磺胺甲噁唑和氯霉素相对敏感。
沙门氏菌分离株对抗生素的耐药比例较高，这可能对临床病例的治疗构成相当大的风险。因此，必须明智地使用抗生素，以应对不断增加的抗菌药物耐药情况。
