Indonesian Danone Institute Foundation, Indonesian Foundation for Food Fortification, Jakarta.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2011;20(3):447-51.
Nutrition history in Indonesia began in 1887, when Christiann Eijkman discovered the relationship between vitamin B-1 deficiency and beri-beri. In the 1950's, the socialization of nutrition messages started with the introduction of "Healthy Four Perfect Five" (Empat Sehat Lima Sempurna-ESLS). For the next 25 years after that, ESLS became a favorite in nutrition education and was nationally known. Although the ESLS was never evaluated, food consumption pattern of Indonesians are never balanced. Undernutrition is rampant and overnutrition emerged. In 1995 the Indonesian food-based dietary guidelines was launched by the Ministry of Health, and formally incorporated into the nutrition policy. The Guide has 13 messages. Again, the guidelines were never evaluated; in 2010 undernutrition persists and the prevalence of degenerative diseases increased. Thus, it is urgent for Indonesia to have concrete Nutrition Guidelines (Gizi Seimbang) covering messages like: (1) consume a variety of foods; (2) keep clean; (3) be active, exercise regularly; and (4) monitor body weight. The guidelines shall be developed for all age groups. The guidelines were tested to over 300 audiences and the responses were promising. Dissemination of the messages widely within the formal channels is compulsory. The new Nutrition Guideline messages are an open concept ready to be revised accordingly. It is evident that nutrition sciences and its application had undergone rapid changes over time and Indonesia need to adopt accordingly and timely. Although, outcomes may not be seen in a short time, longer term output will benefit future generations.
印度尼西亚的营养历史始于1887年,当时克里斯蒂安·艾克曼发现了维生素B-1缺乏与脚气病之间的关系。20世纪50年代,营养信息的社会化始于“健康四完美五”(Empat Sehat Lima Sempurna - ESLS)的引入。在那之后的25年里,ESLS成为营养教育中的热门内容,并在全国广为人知。尽管ESLS从未经过评估,但印度尼西亚人的食物消费模式从未达到平衡。营养不良现象猖獗,且出现了营养过剩的情况。1995年,印度尼西亚卫生部发布了基于食物的膳食指南,并正式将其纳入营养政策。该指南包含13条信息。同样,这些指南也从未经过评估;到2010年,营养不良问题依然存在,退行性疾病的患病率有所上升。因此,印度尼西亚迫切需要制定具体的营养指南(均衡营养指南),涵盖以下信息:(1)食用各种食物;(2)保持清洁;(3)积极活动,定期锻炼;(4)监测体重。该指南应针对所有年龄组制定。该指南在300多名受众中进行了测试,反馈结果令人满意。必须在正式渠道广泛传播这些信息。新的营养指南信息是一个开放的概念,随时准备据此进行修订。显然,随着时间的推移,营养科学及其应用发生了迅速变化,印度尼西亚需要相应且及时地予以采纳。尽管短期内可能看不到成果,但长期产出将造福子孙后代。